Agricultural Resources of Pennsylvania, c. 1700-1960 Lancaster Plain, c. 1730-1960 2 Lancaster Plain, 1730-1960 Table of Contents Lancaster Plain Historic Agricultural Region, c. 1730-1960....................................................... 4 Location ..................................................................................................................................... 9 Climate, Soils, and Topography................................................................................................ 10 Historical Farming Systems ...................................................................................................... 12 Diverse Production for Diverse Uses, c. 1730 to about 1780 ............................................... 12 Products, c 1730-1780 ...................................................................................................... 12 Labor and Land Tenure, 1730-1780 ................................................................................. 16 Buildings and Landscapes, 1730-1780 ............................................................................. 17 Farm House, 1730-1780................................................................................................ 17 Ancillary houses, 1730-1780 ........................................................................................ 19 Barns, 1730-1780 .......................................................................................................... 19 Outbuildings, c 1730-1780: .......................................................................................... 20 Landscape Features, c 1730-1780................................................................................. 20 Diversified Production, Intensification, and Livestock Raising, c. 1780-1865 .................... 21 Products, c. 1780-1865 ..................................................................................................... 21 Labor and Land Tenure, c. 1780-1865.............................................................................. 29 Buildings and Landscapes, c 1780-1865 .......................................................................... 30 Farm House, c 1780-1865............................................................................................. 30 Tenant House, c 1780-1865 .......................................................................................... 33 Barns, c 1780-1865 ....................................................................................................... 33 Still house, c 1780-1865 ............................................................................................... 38 Lime Kiln, c 1780-1865 ................................................................................................ 39 Spring house, c 1780-1865 ........................................................................................... 40 Smoke house, c. 1780-1865 .......................................................................................... 40 Summer kitchen, c 1780-1865 ...................................................................................... 42 Landscape, c 1780-1865 ............................................................................................... 45 Crops, Livestock, and Tobacco, c 1865- about 1920............................................................ 46 Products, 1865-about 1920 ............................................................................................... 46 Labor and Land Tenure, 1865-about 1920 ....................................................................... 57 Buildings and Landscapes, c. 1865- about 1920............................................................... 62 Houses, 1865-1920 ....................................................................................................... 62 Barns, 1865-1920 .......................................................................................................... 64 Tobacco Barn, 1865-1920............................................................................................. 70 Summer Kitchen, 1865-1920 ........................................................................................ 76 Poultry House, 1865-1920 ............................................................................................ 79 Machine Shed/Corn Crib, c 1865-1920 ........................................................................ 83 Greenhouse, c 1865-1920 ............................................................................................. 85 Windmill, c 1854-1920 ................................................................................................. 85 Ice House, c 1865-1920 ................................................................................................ 86 Silo, c 1865-1920 .......................................................................................................... 87 Landscape, 1865-1920 .................................................................................................. 89 Livestock, Tobacco, Truck Farming, and Poultry, c 1920-1960 .......................................... 92 Products, 1920-1960 ......................................................................................................... 92 Labor and Land Tenure, 1920-1960 ............................................................................... 105 3 Lancaster Plain, 1730-1960 Buildings and Landscapes, 1920-1960 ........................................................................... 108 Farm House, 1920-1960.............................................................................................. 108 Barns, 1920-1960 ........................................................................................................ 108 Tobacco Barn, 1920-1960........................................................................................... 113 Milk House, 1920-1960 .............................................................................................. 113 Machine Shed, 1920-1960 .......................................................................................... 115 Hog House, 1920-1960 ............................................................................................... 117 Poultry Housing, 1920-1960 ....................................................................................... 117 Stable, 1920-1960 ....................................................................................................... 126 Pump House, 1920-1960............................................................................................. 127 Garage, 1920-1960...................................................................................................... 127 Silo, 1920-1960........................................................................................................... 127 Greenhouse, 1920-1960 .............................................................................................. 129 Landscape Features, 1920-1960.................................................................................. 130 Property Types and Registration Requirements – Criterion A, Agriculture.......................... 136 Registration Requirements for Pennsylvania as a Whole ................................................... 136 Registration Requirements for the Lancaster Plain Historic Agricultural Region ............. 142 Property Types and Registration Requirements – Criterion B, Association with the lives of Significant Persons.................................................................................................................. 145 Property Types and Registration Requirements – Criterion C, Design and Construction...... 146 Property Types and Registration Requirements – Criterion D, Archaeology ........................ 153 Statement of Integrity ............................................................................................................. 159 Bibliography..............................................................................................................................165 Endnotes.................................................................................................................................. 167 4 Lancaster Plain, 1730-1960 This document is a parallel to the official National Register MPDF narrative. The two versions are not identical, but they contain the same information differently organized. National Register policy prohibits embedded images in official documentation. These PDF versions re-integrate the images for the reader's convenience. The National Register documentation was completed and submitted piecemeal. This PDF document reflects the updates made during the process of making statewide coverage together, again for the reader's convenience. Conceptualization: Historical Farming Systems and Historic Agricultural Regions Pennsylvania presents interesting intellectual challenges for the agricultural historian and archaeologist. The watchword for Pennsylvania’s agricultural history is “diversity.” The widespread transition to a relatively specialized monocrop or single-product system did not really take hold until after the Second World War in Pennsylvania. Beginning in the settlement era and stretching well into the 20th century, diversity of products was a hallmark of nearly every farming region as a whole, and of individual farms too. As late as 1930, the state Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin proclaimed “the largest number of farms