Foreign Exchange Rate: USD 1 = JPY 96.60 USD 1 = LE 5.56 (Average Betw een March 2009 and August 2009) LOCATIO N MAP (1) LOCATIO N MAP (2) FINALREPORT VOLUME II ENVIRO NMENTALAND SOCIAL IMPACTASSESSMENT O F ABU RAWASH WWTP PROJECT Location Map Table of Contents List of Tables List of Figures Abbreviations Summary TABLEOF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION............................................................................................1-1 1.1 Background.....................................................................................................1-1 1.2 Objective ofthe Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Study..................1-2 1.3 Report Structure...............................................................................................1-3 CHAPTER 2 LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK..........................................2-1 2.1 Administrative Framework................................................................................2-1 2.1.1 Construction Authority for Potable Water andWastewater............................2-2 2.1.2 Holding Company for Water andWastewater..............................................2-3 2.1.3 Cairo Sanitary Drainage Company..............................................................2-4 2.1.4 Cairo Water Supply Company....................................................................2-4 2.1.5 Giza Water and Wastewater Company.........................................................2-5 2.1.6 Egyptian Environmental AffairsAgency.....................................................2-5 2.2 Legal Framework of Environmental and Social Impact Assessment.....................2-6 2.2.1 Law Number 4 of 1994..............................................................................2-7 2.2.2 Law Number 48 of 1982..........................................................................2-12 2.2.3 Decree Number 8 of 1983........................................................................2-12 2.2.4 Decree Law Number 93 of 1962 and Decree Number 44 of the Year 2000.......................................................................................................2-13 2.2.5 Law 102 of 1983 concerning Natural Reserves..........................................2-18 2.2.6 Law No. 10/1990 concerning the Expropriation of Real Estates for Public Interest.........................................................................................2-18 2.2.7 Law Protecting Cultural Heritage.............................................................2-19 2.3 JBIC Guidelines for EIA................................................................................. 2-19 2.3.1 JBIC’s Policies relating Environmental Conservation.................................2-19 i 2.3.2 Environmental and Social Considerations Needed for JBIC Funded Projects...................................................................................................2-21 2.3.3 EIA Report Content required by JBIC Guidelines......................................2-25 2.4 EEAA Guidelines........................................................................................... 2-26 2.4.1 Guidelines for Complete EIA Report of Wastewater Related Project...........2-30 CHAPTER 3 PROJECT DESCRIPTION...............................................................................3-1 3.1 General............................................................................................................3-1 3.1.1 Existing Situation of Sewerage System.......................................................3-1 3.1.2 Project Objectives.....................................................................................3-2 3.2 Description of the Proposed Project...................................................................3-3 CHAPTER 4 BASELINE OF ENVIRONMENTAL DATA.....................................................4-1 4.1 Physical Environment.......................................................................................4-1 4.1.1 General Description of Project Area............................................................4-1 4.1.2 Topography and Geology...........................................................................4-3 4.1.3 Climate and Meteorology.........................................................................4-10 4.1.4 Water Pollution (Surface Water and Groundwater).....................................4-13 4.1.5 Air Pollution...........................................................................................4-18 4.1.6 Noise......................................................................................................4-25 4.1.7 Odor.......................................................................................................4-27 4.1.8 Other Environmental Problems.................................................................4-30 4.2 Biological Environment.................................................................................. 4-31 4.2.1 Nature Preserve Area in Greater Cairo......................................................4-31 4.2.2 Existing Situation of Flora and Fauna.......................................................4-35 4.3 Socio-economic Environment ......................................................................... 4-37 4.3.1 Community Structure...............................................................................4-37 4.3.2 Population..............................................................................................4-38 4.3.3 Socio-economics of Giza Governorate......................................................4-39 4.3.4 Cultural Heritage.....................................................................................4-41 4.3.5 Water Utilization (Water available for Potable Supply, Irrigation and Industrial Use)........................................................................................4-42 4.3.6 Transportation (Access Road to Abu Rawash WWTP)...............................4-43 4.3.7 Public Health..........................................................................................4-44 CHAPTER 5 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES ....................................................................5-1 5.1 Analysis of Alternatives: With andWithout Project.............................................5-1 5.1.1 Effluent ReceivingWater Bodies................................................................5-1 5.1.2 Pollution Load Discharged into Effluent ReceivingWater Bodies.................5-2 5.1.3 Approximate Water Quality Simulation.......................................................5-4 5.1.4 Discharged Pollution Load into Rosetta Branch...........................................5-5 5.2 Analysis of Alternatives: Others........................................................................5-6 5.2.1 Alternative Techniques for Wastewater Treatment........................................5-6 5.2.2 Alternative Techniques for Aeration Method...............................................5-7 ii CHAPTER 6 IMPACT IDENTIFICATION AND MITIGATION MEASURES ........................6-1 6.1 Overall Impact Identification.............................................................................6-1 6.2 Foreseeable Adverse Impacts of Project at Construction and Operation Stages..............................................................................................................6-4 6.3 Mitigation Measures for Adverse Impacts during Construction and Operation Stages............................................................................................ 6-13 CHAPTER 7 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN..................................................7-1 7.1 Risk Analysis and Mitigation Plan.....................................................................7-1 7.2 Environmental MitigationPlan..........................................................................7-4 7.3 Environmental Plan..........................................................................................7-5 7.3.1 MonitoringProgram..................................................................................7-6 7.3.2 Institutional Setup...................................................................................7-10 7.3.3 Occupational Health and Safety Measures.................................................7-12 CHAPTER 8 PUBLIC CONSULTATION..............................................................................8-1 8.1 General............................................................................................................8-1 8.2 Participantsof Stakeholders Meeting.................................................................8-1 8.2.1 Focus Group I...........................................................................................8-2 8.2.2 Focus Group II..........................................................................................8-2 8.2.3 Focus Group III.........................................................................................8-2 8.3 Discussions in Stakeholders Meeting.................................................................8-2 8.3.1 Main Points Discussed...............................................................................8-3 8.3.2 Conclusions and Recommendations............................................................8-4 CHAPTER 9 CONCLUSION................................................................................................9-1 9.1 Important Items in the Environmental Impact Consideration...............................9-1 9.2 Itemsthat Need Careful