FAMILY Monocentridae Gill, 1859 - pineconefishes [=?Notacandia, Monocentroidae] Notes: Spelling in prevailing recent practice ?Notacandia Rafinesque, 1815:85 [ref. 3584] (subfamily) ? Lepisacanthus [as Lepicantha; no stem of the type genus, not available, Article 11.7.1.1] Monocentroidae Gill, 1859b:144 [ref. 1762] (family) Monocentris [also as subfamily Monocentrinae; stem emended to Monocentrid- by Steyskal 1980:170 [ref. 14191]; Eschmeyer 1998:2471 [ref. 23416] and Nelson 2006:301 [ref. 32486] used Monocentridae] GENUS Cleidopus De Vis, 1882 - pineapplefishes [=Cleidopus De Vis [C. W.], 1882:367] Notes: [ref. 1087]. Masc. Cleidopus gloriamaris De Vis 1882. Type by monotypy. •Valid as Cleidopus De Vis 1882 -- (Paxton et al. 1989:364 [ref. 12442], Gomon et al. 1994:411 [ref. 22532], Kotlyar 1996:208 [ref. 23292], Paxton 1999:2214 [ref. 24788], Paxton et al. 2006:766 [ref. 28994], Gomon 2008:433 [ref. 30616]). Current status: Valid as Cleidopus De Vis, 1882. Monocentridae. Species Cleidopus gloriamaris De Vis, 1882 - pineapplefish, knightfish, coat-of-mail fish [=Cleidopus gloriamaris De Vis [C. W.], 1882:368, Cleidopus gloriamaris occidentalis Whitley [G. P.], 1931:314] Notes: [Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales v. 7 (pt 3); ref. 1087] Brisbane River or Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia. Current status: Valid as Cleidopus gloriamaris De Vis, 1882. Monocentridae. Distribution: Australia: Queensland and New South Wales (eastern population) and Western Australia. Habitat: marine. (occidentalis) [Australian Zoologist v. 6 (pt 4); ref. 4672] Fremantle, Western Australia. Current status: Synonym of Cleidopus gloriamaris De Vis, 1882. Monocentridae. Habitat: marine. GENUS Monocentris Bloch & Schneider, 1801 - pineconefishes [=Monocentris Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.], 1801:100, Ericius Tilesius [W. G. von], 1809:243, Lepicantha Rafinesque [C. S.], 1815:85, Lepisacanthus Lacepède [B. G. E.], 1801:320] Notes: [ref. 471]. Fem. Monocentris carinata Bloch & Schneider, 1801 (= Gasterosteus japonicus Houttuyn, 1782). Type by monotypy. Misspelled Monocentrus by authors. •Valid as Monocentris Bloch & Schneider, 1801 -- (Shimizu in Masuda et al. 1984:109 [ref. 6441], Smith 1986:413 [ref. 5712], Paxton et al. 1989:364 [ref. 12442], Kotlyar 1996:199 [ref. 23292], Paxton 1999:2214 [ref. 24788], Paxton et al. 2006:766 [ref. 28994]). Current status: Valid as Monocentris Bloch & Schneider, 1801. Monocentridae. (Ericius) [ref. 4406]. Masc. Monocentris carinata Bloch & Schneider, 1801. Appeared without species, but Ericius was proposed for the same species that Bloch & Schneider, p. 100, called Monocentris; possibly can be regarded as a replacement for or alternate name for Monocentris Bloch & Schneider, 1801. •In the synonymy of Monocentris Bloch & Schneider, 1801 -- (Kotlyar 1996:199 [ref. 23292]). Current status: Synonym of Monocentris Bloch & Schneider, 1801. Monocentridae. (Lepicantha) [ref. 3584]. Fem. Not available; name only and apparently an incorrect subsequent spelling of, or emendation of Lepisacanthus Lacepède, 1801 -- (Kotlyar 1996:199 [ref. 23292]). •In the synonymy of Monocentris Bloch & Schneider, 1801 – (Kotlyar 1996:199 [ref. 23292]). Current status: Synonym of Monocentris Bloch & Schneider, 1801. Monocentridae. (Lepisacanthus) [ref. 2710]. Masc. Lepisacanthus japonicus Lacepède, 1801 (= Gasterosteus japonicus Houttuyn, 1782). Type by monotypy. Lepicantha Rafinesque, 1815 evidently is an unjustified emendation or incorrect subsequent spelling. •Objective synonym of Monocentris Bloch & Schneider, 1801 -- (Kotlyar 1996:199 [ref. 23292]). Current status: Synonym of Monocentris Bloch & Schneider, 1801. Monocentridae. Species Monocentris japonica (Houttuyn, 1782) - Japanese pineapplefish [=Gasterosteus japonicus Houttuyn [M.], 1782:329, Pl. 2, Monocentris carinata Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.], 1801:100, Pl. 24, Sciaena cataphracta Thunberg [C. P.], 1790:108, Pl. 3] Notes: [Verhandelingen der Hollandsche Maatschappij der Wetenschappen, Haarlem v. 20 (pt 2); ref. 2220] Nagasaki, Japan. Current status: Valid as Monocentris japonica (Houttuyn, 1782). Monocentridae. Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, South Africa, Madagascar and western Mascarenes east to Philippines, north to Korea, southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to South Australia, Kermadec Islands and northern New Zealand. Habitat: marine. (carinata) [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] Japan. Current status: Synonym of Monocentris japonica (Houttuyn, 1782). Monocentridae. Habitat: marine. (cataphracta) [Kongliga Vetenskaps Akademiens nya Handlingar, Stockholm v. 11 (for 1790); ref. 17912] Nagasaki, Japan. Current status: Synonym of Monocentris japonica (Houttuyn, 1782). Monocentridae. Habitat: marine. Species Monocentris neozelanica (Powell, 1938) - New Zealand pineconefish (author) [=Cleidopus neozelanicus Powell [A. W. B.], 1938:151, Pl. 36] Notes: [Records of the Auckland Institute and Museum v. 2 (no. 3); ref. 17220] New Zealand. Current status: Valid as Monocentris neozelanica (Powell, 1938). Monocentridae. Distribution: New Zealand. Habitat: marine. Species Monocentris reedi Schultz, 1956 - Reed's pineconefish (author) [=Monocentris reedi Schultz [L. P.], 1956:238, Pl. 1] Notes: [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 106 (no. 3365); ref. 10154] Off Más a Tierra Island, Juan Fernández Islands, depth 200-250 meters. Current status: Valid as Monocentris reedi Schultz, 1956. Monocentridae. Distribution: Southeastern Pacific: Juan Fernández Islands, Nazca Ridge, Desaventurados Islands (Chile). Habitat: marine.