Refugee Review: Re-conceptualizing Refugees and Forced Migration in the 21st Century An e-publication of the ESPMI Network www.refugeereview2.wordpress.com Volume 2, Number 1, June 2015 ESPMI NETWORK www.espminetwork.com Refugee Review: Re-conceptualizing Refugees and Forced Migration in the 21st Century Refugee Review: Re-conceptualizing Refugees and Forced Migration in the 21st Century An e-publication of the ESPMI Network www.refugeereview2.wordpress.com Volume 2, Number 1, June 2015 The Emerging Scholars and Practitioners on Migration Issues Network (ESPMI Network) can be found online at www.espminetwork.com. The opinions and statements found in Refugee Review: Re-conceptualizing Refugees and Forced Migration in the 21st Century are solely those of the authors and do not represent the views of the ESPMI Network or its editors, peer reviewers, supporters, or other participating contributors. This material is protected through a Creative Commons copyright, Attribution Non Commercial No Derivs 3.0 Unported license. Please contact [email protected] with questions. To reference work within this e-journal, please use the following attribution style (or a standardized variation that includes the following information): Author, “Article Title,” Refugee Review: Re- conceptualizing Refugees and Forced Migration in the 21st Century, Vol 2, No 1(2015): Page Number, accessed date, url. Please note that papers are printed in the dialectical preference of their author; American, British and Canadian English are present. Cover Image: ©Poppy Featured image is from a participant's journal for Volume 44, a participatory photo project with migrant men, women, and transgender sex workers in South Africa. For more information on this project and other participatory arts-based work of the African Centre for Migration & Society (ACMS), an interdisciplinary African-based Centre dedicated to research on human mobility and social transformation, please read: "Move (method.visual.explore): The use of visual and narrative methodologies’ when working with marginalised migrant populations in South Africa” by Elsa Oliveira. 2 ESPMI NETWORK www.espminetwork.com Refugee Review: Re-conceptualizing Refugees and Forced Migration in the 21st Century Index Refugee Review: Re-conceptualizing Refugees and Forced Migration in the 21st Century Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................................................ 5 Managing Editors' Statement ................................................................................................................................ 6 ARTICLES The Shifting Borders of Interdiction and Asylum: A Canadian case study of safe country of origin policies MICHELLE BALL ........................................................................................................................................ 9 The perils and possibilities of citizenship transformation: health-based claims and the Canadian Interim Federal Health Plan reform debate LUCIA FRECHA ......................................................................................................................................... 26 Continental Drift: Realigning the Humanitarian Purpose and Practical Reality of International Refugee Law in Western States BEN MILLS .................................................................................................................................................. 42 Statelessness Protections as a Remedy for Protection Gaps in Jordan and India MIRIAM ACED AND ANWESHA GHOSH ............................................................................................. 59 Co-Ethnicity, Security and Host Government Engagement: Egypt as a Non-Traditional Receiver of Migrants and Refugees KELSEY P. NORMAN ............................................................................................................................... 77 Politicizing Environmental Displacement: A Four-Category Approach to Defining Environmentally Displaced People NICOLE MARSHALL ................................................................................................................................ 96 OPINION PIECES Germany as Host: Examining ongoing anti-immigration discourse and policy in a country with a high level of non-national residents SABINE LEHR ........................................................................................................................................... 113 Understanding India’s Refusal to Accede to the 1951 Refugee Convention: Context and Critique SREYA SEN ................................................................................................................................................ 131 Climate refugees? Alternative and Broadened Protection Avenues for Refugees from Small Island Developing States (SIDS) MAINÉ ASTONITAS, JACQUELINE FA’AMATUAINU, and AHMED INAZ……………………138 Refugee decision-making in Canada: difficulties in accessing the research site and strategies for resolution SULE TOMKINSON………………………………………………………………………………………151 3 ESPMI NETWORK www.espminetwork.com Refugee Review: Re-conceptualizing Refugees and Forced Migration in the 21st Century PRACTITIONER REPORTS MoVE (method:visual:explore): Marginalized migrant populations and the use of visual and narrative methodologies in South Africa ELSA OLIVEIRA ....................................................................................................................................... 161 Compassion and Pragmatic Action: The Restoring Family Links Program CHRISTA CHARBONNEAU KUNTZELMAN ..................................................................................... 176 The Jesuit Commons: Higher Education at the Margins Program: An Ongoing Community Project Report: Reflections On Higher Education In A Refugee Setting THEOGENE BARAVURA ........................................................................................................................ 182 ESPMI NETWORK'S DISCUSSION SERIES Introduction: Seeking Safety on the High Seas HILLARY MELLINGER .......................................................................................................................... 191 Conceptualising ‘people on the move’ in the Horn of Africa and Yemen MELISSA PHILLIPS ................................................................................................................................. 193 Seaborne Asylum Seekers in the 21st Century: An Australian’s Perspective BAYAN EDIS .............................................................................................................................................. 195 How to Re-Frame? European State Reactions to the Situation of “Seaborne Migrants” in the Mediterranean SOPHIE HINGER ...................................................................................................................................... 197 How To Re-Conceptualize The Right To Asylum In The Lethal Sea-Crossing Age? CHIARA DENARO .................................................................................................................................... 201 Changing State Responses in the Central Mediterranean: Search and Rescue, Interdiction, and Externalisation KEEGAN WILLIAMS ............................................................................................................................... 204 From “Boat People” to “Irregular Maritime Migrants:” A Re-conceptualization of Seaborne Refugees after 40 Years OLIVIA TRAN ........................................................................................................................................... 207 INTERVIEWS Secret Trial 5: Interview with Director AMAR WALA ............................................................................. 211 Liberia: Past, Present, Future: Interview with LAURA BERLINGER, WILLIAM JACOBS and GARRETSON SHERMAN ........................................................................................................................ 218 4 ESPMI NETWORK www.espminetwork.com Refugee Review: Re-conceptualizing Refugees and Forced Migration in the 21st Century Acknowledgements Managing Editors: Petra Molnar and Brittany Lauren Wheeler Managing Editorial Team: Dacia Douhaibi, Bani Gill, Ina Jahn The ESPMI Network would like to thank the following individuals and groups: Contributors Miriam Aced, Mainé Astonitas, Michelle Ball, Theogene Baravura, Laura Berlinger, Chiara Denaro, Bayan Edis, Jacqueline Fa’amatuainu, Lucia Frecha, Anwesha Ghosh, Sophie Hinger, Ahmed Inaz, William Jacobs, Christa Charbonneau Kuntzelman, Sabine Lehr, Nicole Marshall, Hillary Mellinger, Ben Mills, Kelsey P. Norman, Elsa Oliveira, Melissa Phillips, Shreya Sen, Sule Tomkinson, Olivia Tran, Garretson Sherman, Amar Wala, Keegan Williams Editors and Peer Reviewers Louise Chricton, Courtney Cox, Negin Dahya, Heather Donald, Dacia Douhaibi, Claire Ellis, Eda Farsakoglu, Bani Gill, Ina Jahn, Patricia Martuscelli, Hillary Mellinger, Matt Stevens, Shreya Sen, Alison Stanley ESPMI Executive Committee Negin Dahya, Dacia Douhaibi, Eda Farsakoglu, Bani Gill Ina Jahn, Hillary Mellinger, Petra Molnar, Shreya Sen, Brittany Lauren Wheeler Supporters The International Association for the Study of Forced Migration (IASFM), Susan McGrath, Michele Millard, Jennifer Hyndman, Christina Clark-Kazack, The Refugee Research Network (RRN), The Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council (SSHRC) The ESPMI Network would particularly like to thank the Refugee