UNESCO/Republic of Korea Funds-in-Trust Final Technical Report on the results of the UNESCO/Korean Funds-in-Trust Project: Support for the Preparation for the World Heritage Serial Nomination of the Silk Roads in South Asia, 2013- 2016 2016 Final Technical Report on the results of the UNESCO/Korean Funds-in-Trust project: Support for the Preparation for the World Heritage Serial Nomination of the Silk Roads in South Asia, 2013-2016 Executing Agency: • UNESCO World Heritage Centre, in collaboration with UNESCO Field Offices in Kathmandu and New Delhi Implementing partners: • National Commissions for UNESCO of Bhutan, China, India, and Nepal • Department of Archaeology of Nepal (DoA) • Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) • Division for Conservation of Heritage Sites, Department of Culture, Ministry of Home and Cultural Affairs, Royal Government of Bhutan • State Administration of Cultural Heritage of China • ICOMOS International • ICOMOS International Conservation Centre – Xi’an (IICC-X) • University College London, UK Written & compiled by: Tim Williams (Institute of Archaeology, University College London) Edited by: Tim Williams, Roland Lin Chih-Hung (Asia and the Pacific Unit, World Heritage Centre, UNESCO) and Gai Jorayev (Institute of Archaeology, University College London) Prepared for publication by Gai Jorayev at the Institute of Archaeology, University College London www.ucl.ac.uk/archaeology ISBN: 978-0-9956132-0-1 Creative commons licence: Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International. 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Division for Conservation of Heritage Sites Government of Nepal Ministry of Culture, Tourism and Civil Aviation Department of Archaeology Contents Contents Foreword by Dr Roland Lin Chih-Hung ............................................................. 1 The Silk Roads in South Asia ........................................................................ 4 1.1 ROUTES AND CORRIDORS ............................................................................................. 4 1.2 TRADE, EXCHANGE AND EMPIRES ................................................................................ 11 1.3 CORRIDOR SELECTION ................................................................................................ 11 Background: UNESCO Silk Roads serial trans-national nomination project ..............................................................................................................12 2.1 THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE PROJECT ......................................................................... 12 2.2 ICOMOS THEMATIC STUDY ....................................................................................... 12 2.3 SILK ROADS NOMINATION STRATEGY .......................................................................... 12 The UNESCO/Korean Funds-in-Trust “Support for the Preparation for the World Heritage Serial Nomination of the Silk Roads in South Asia Project” .... 14 3.1 WORKSHOP ON “NEPAL AND THE SILK ROADS”, KATHMANDU, SEPTEMBER 2011 ........ 14 3.2 GEOGRAPHIC SCOPE & PARTNERS ............................................................................... 14 3.3 AIMS & OBJECTIVES ................................................................................................... 15 3.4 KEY ACTIVITIES .......................................................................................................... 15 South Asian missions, workshops & activities within the framework of the project ............................................................................................................. 16 4.1 ADVISORY MISSION TO KATHMANDU, NEPAL: 28 APRIL – 2 MAY, 2013 ...................... 16 4.1.1 Background ......................................................................................................... 16 4.1.2 Aims and participants ......................................................................................... 16 4.1.3 Outcomes .............................................................................................................. 17 4.2 CONSULTATION MEETINGS IN NEPAL: 27 OCTOBER – 3 NOVEMBER 2013 ................... 20 4.3 THIMPHU, BHUTAN: 24 NOVEMBER – 1 DECEMBER 2013 ........................................... 21 4.3.1 Aims ..................................................................................................................... 21 4.3.2 Workshop on Serial Nomination of Silk Roads in South Asia ........................... 21 4.3.3 Field visits ............................................................................................................ 23 4.3.4 Meeting with Minister for Home & Cultural Affairs, Bhutan ............................ 31 4.4 DELHI, INDIA: 1-3 DECEMBER 2013 ........................................................................... 32 4.5 THIMPHU, BHUTAN: 20-22 AUGUST 2014 .................................................................. 36 4.5.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................... 36 4.5.2 Participants ......................................................................................................... 36 4.5.3 Aims of the workshop .......................................................................................... 37 4.5.4 Programme .......................................................................................................... 38 4.5.5 Summary & key issues......................................................................................... 39 4.5.6 Recommendations for further action.................................................................. 43 4.6 NEPAL: FACILITATION AND TECHNICAL SUPPORT FOR NEPALI NATIONAL SILK ROADS ACTIVITIES IN 2014 ................................................................................................................. 44 4.6.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................... 44 4.6.2 Aims ..................................................................................................................... 44 4.6.3 Co-ordination ...................................................................................................... 44 4.6.4 Documentation centre ......................................................................................... 44 4.6.5 Potential collaborations with ICIMOD ............................................................... 45 4.7 KATHMANDU, NEPAL: 23-24 SEPTEMBER 2014 .......................................................... 45 4.7.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................... 45 4.7.2 Aims ..................................................................................................................... 45 4.7.3 Participants ......................................................................................................... 46 4.7.4 Programme .......................................................................................................... 50 4.7.5 Outcomes ............................................................................................................. 54 4.8 ALMATY, KAZAKHSTAN: 23-27 NOVEMBER 2015, 4TH MEETING OF THE COORDINATING COMMITTEE OF THE SERIAL WORLD HERITAGE NOMINATION OF THE SILK ROADS .................. 58 4.8.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................... 58 Page | i 4.8.2 Participants ......................................................................................................... 58 4.8.3 Activities .............................................................................................................. 62 4.8.4 Almaty agreement ............................................................................................... 63 Nepal: Field expedition to Lumbini-Mustang corridor (January 2015) ....... 64 5.1 BACKGROUND ............................................................................................................ 64 5.2 AIMS ......................................................................................................................... 64 5.3 PARTICIPANTS ........................................................................................................... 64 5.4 ACTIVITIES ................................................................................................................ 65 5.5 CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATIONS .......................................................................... 68 5.6 THE NEPAL EARTHQUAKES OF 2015 ........................................................................... 69 Complimentary Activities: Bhutan National Inventory ............................... 70 6.1 STRATEGY .................................................................................................................. 70 6.1.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................... 70 6.1.2 Objectives for the Bhutan National Inventory .................................................... 71 6.1.3 Way forward: the first steps ..............................................................................