Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology Biomedical Applications of Colloidal Nanocrystals Guest Editors: Marek Osin´ ski, Thomas M. Jovin, and Kenji Yamamoto Biomedical Applications of Colloidal Nanocrystals Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology Biomedical Applications of Colloidal Nanocrystals Guest Editors: Marek Osinski,´ Thomas M. Jovin, and Kenji Yamamoto Copyright © 2007 Hindawi Publishing Corporation. All rights reserved. This is a special issue published in volume 2007 of “Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology.” All articles are open access articles distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Editor-in-Chief Abdelali Haoudi, Eastern Virginia Medical School, USA Advisory Editors H. N. Ananthaswamy, USA Marc Fellous, France S. B. Petersen, Denmark Ronald E. Cannon, USA Daniela S. Gerhard, USA Pierre Tambourin, France Jean Dausset, France Mauro Giacca, Italy Michel Tibayrenc, Thailand John W. Drake, USA Peter M. Gresshoff,Australia Shyam K. Dube, USA Vladimir Larionov, USA Associate Editors Claude Bagnis, France Ali A. Khraibi, USA Annie J. J. Sasco, France Halima Bensmail, USA Pierre Lehn, France Wolfgang A. Schulz, Germany Omar Benzakour, France Nan Liu, USA Gerald G. Schumann, Germany Mar`ıa A. Blasco, Spain Yan Luo, USA O. John Semmes, USA Mohamed Boutjdir, USA James M. Mason, USA James L. Sherley, USA Douglas Bristol, USA John L McGregor, France Mouldy Sioud, Norway Virander Singh Chauhan, India Ali Ouaissi, France Mark A. Smith, USA Hatem El Shanti, USA Allal Ouhtit, USA Lisa Wiesmuller, Germany Hicham Fenniri, Canada George Perry, USA Leila Zahed, Lebanon James Huff,USA George Plopper, USA Steven L. Zeichner, USA Shahid Jameel, India Nina Luning Prak, USA Celina Janion, Poland Kanury V. S. Rao, India Contents Biomedical Applications of Colloidal Nanocrystals, Marek Osinski,´ Thomas M. Jovin, and Kenji Yamamoto Volume 2007, Article ID 82752, 2 pages Gel Electrophoresis of Gold-DNA Nanoconjugates,T.Pellegrino,R.A.Sperling,A.P.Alivisatos, and W. J. Parak Volume 2007, Article ID 26796, 9 pages Design of Biotin-Functionalized Luminescent Quantum Dots, Kimihiro Susumu, H. Tetsuo Uyeda, Igor L. Medintz, and Hedi Mattoussi Volume 2007, Article ID 90651, 7 pages Imaging GABAc Receptors with Ligand-Conjugated Quantum Dots, Ian D. Tomlinson, Hel´ ene` A. Gussin, Deborah M. Little, Michael R. Warnement, Haohua Qian, David R. Pepperberg, and Sandra J. Rosenthal Volume 2007, Article ID 76514, 9 pages Fluorescence Intensity and Intermittency as Tools for Following Dopamine Bioconjugate Processing in Living Cells, Rafael Khatchadourian, Alexia Bachir, Samuel J. Clarke, ColinD.Heyes,PaulW.Wiseman,andJayL.Nadeau Volume 2007, Article ID 70145, 10 pages Development of FRET-Based Assays in the Far-Red Using CdTe Quantum Dots,E.Z.Chong, D. R Matthews, H. D. Summers, K. L. Njoh, R. J. Errington, and P. J. Smith Volume 2007, Article ID 54169, 7 pages Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer in Quantum Dot-Protein Kinase Assemblies, Ibrahim Yildiz, Xinxin Gao, Thomas K. Harris, and Franc¸iscoM. Raymo Volume 2007, Article ID 18081, 5 pages Time-Resolved Analysis of a Highly Sensitive Forster¨ Resonance Energy Transfer Immunoassay Using Terbium Complexes as Donors and Quantum Dots as Acceptors, Niko Hildebrandt, Lo¨ıc J. Charbonniere,` and Hans-Gerd Lohmannsr¨ oben¨ Volume 2007, Article ID 79169, 6 pages Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Coated with Galactose-Carrying Polymer for Hepatocyte Targeting, Mi Kyong Yoo, In Yong Kim, Eun Mi Kim, Hwan-Jeong Jeong, Chang-Moon Lee, Yong Yeon Jeong, Toshihiro Akaike, and Chong Su Cho Volume 2007, Article ID 94740, 9 pages Fluorescent Nanoparticle-Based Indirect Immunofluorescence Microscopy for Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Dilan Qin, Xiaoxiao He, Kemin Wang, Xiaojun Julia Zhao, Weihong Tan, and Jiyun Chen Volume 2007, Article ID 89364, 9 pages Preparation and Characterization of Poly(D,L-Lactide-co-Glycolide) Nanoparticles Containing Ascorbic Acid, Magdalena M. Stevanovic,´ Branka Jordovic,´ and Dragan P. Uskokovic´ Volume 2007, Article ID 84965, 8 pages Clinical Potential of Quantum Dots,ArthurM.Iga,JohnH.P.Robertson,MarcC.Winslet, and Alexander M. Seifalian Volume 2007, Article ID 76087, 10 pages Getting Across the Plasma Membrane and Beyond: Intracellular Uses of Colloidal Semiconductor Nanocrystals, Camilla Luccardini, Aleksey Yakovlev, Stephane´ Gaillard, Marcel van‘t Hoff, Alicia Piera Alberola, Jean-Maurice Mallet, Wolfgang J. Parak, Anne Feltz, and Martin Oheim Volume 2007, Article ID 68963, 9 pages Blue-Emitting Small Silica Particles Incorporating ZnSe-Based Nanocrystals Prepared by Reverse Micelle Method, Masanori Ando, Chunliang Li, Ping Yang, and Norio Murase Volume 2007, Article ID 52971, 6 pages Hindawi Publishing Corporation Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology Volume 2007, Article ID 82752, 2 pages doi:10.1155/2007/82752 Editorial Biomedical Applications of Colloidal Nanocrystals Marek Osinski,1 Thomas M. Jovin,2 and K. Yamamoto3 1 Center for High Technology Materials, University of New Mexico, 1313 Goddard SE, Albuquerque, NM 87106-4343, USA 2 Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37070 Gottingen,¨ Germany 3 Research Institute, International Medical Center of Japan, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan Correspondence should be addressed to K. Yamamoto, [email protected] Received 6 May 2008; Accepted 6 May 2008 Copyright © 2007 Marek Osinski et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Because of the high affinity of the thiol groups to a metal such have already succeeded in developing serotonin-conjugated as gold and zinc, we can conjugate metal nanocrystals with quantum dots and the method to reduce nonspecific binding chemical compounds which contain thiol such as cysteine, using PEGylated quantum dots. Together with all these cyctein contained peptide, and thiol-modified nucleic acids works, they have proceeded for imaging GABAc receptors including DNA. Among them, T. Pellegrino et al. investigated heterologously expressed on Xenopus laevis oocytes. Gold-DNA conjugates in detail by a comprehensive gel- On the other hand, Dopamine conjugated quantum dots electrophoresis study based on 1200 gels. The investigation are known to be endocytozed by cells bearing dopamine contains the following three results: firstly, the precise detec- receptors and not by cells without dopamine receptors. tion of relative changes in size upon binding of molecules, Rafael Khatchadourian et al. studied the tools of fluorescence secondary, comparison of the specific attachment of DNA intensity and intermittency for following dopamine biocon- via gold-thiol bonds to Au nanoparticles with nonspecific jugate processing in living cells. adsorption of DNA, and thirdly, determination of the In this special issue, we have three papers on quantum maximum number of DNA molecules bounded per particle. dots as for the use of Forster (or fluorescent) resonance These data might be the essential information for designing energy transfer (FRET). The characters of quantum dots a functional nanodevice such as for the nanometer-sized such as photostability, high quantum yield broad absorption, electric circuit and for the carrier for gene delivery system. and narrow emission spectrum are more useful for probes A new ligand which readily binds itself to CdSe-ZnS core- than organic dyes, especially in the study of molecular shell QDs, via surface ligand exchange, was designed and imaging. synthesized by Kimihiro Susumu et al. from tetraethylene In the investigation of E. Z. Chong et al., biotinylated glycol (TEG) based bidentate ligand functionalized with DY731-Bio fluorophores with an absorption peak at 720 nm dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA) and biotin (DHLA-TEG-biotin). were self-assembled onto Qdot705-STVs that emit the Quantum dots capped with DHLA and DHLA-TEG-biotin fluorophores at 705 nm using a streptavidin-biotin binding or polyethylene glycol modified DHLA (DHLA-PEG600) are mechanism. They have particular interest on the far-red dispersed easily in aqueous buffer solutions. Homogenized region to minimize optical region absorption within tissue buffer solutions of QDs capped with mixture of DHLA- and to avoid cell autofluorescence and they succeeded in PEG600 and DHLA-TEG-biotin are stable over broad pH doing so. range and showed specific interactions with NeutrAvidin in In order to identify selective inhibitors of protein kinases surface binding assays. The authors say “further studies of efficiently, Ibrahim Yildiz et al. designed a binding assay these surface functionalized QDs for coupling with a variety to probe the interactions of human phosphoinositide- of bioreceptors and biological assays are in progress.” dependent protein kinase-1 with potential ligands using For the study on the ligand-receptor binding, we need FRET between quantum dots and organic dyes. fluorescent markers. Ligand conjugated quantum dots are Using terbium complexes as donors and quantum dots reported here by Ian D. Tomlinson et al. for imaging GABAc as acceptors, FRET immunoassay is improved more than receptor on the surface membrane of intact cell. They two orders of magnitude compared to commercial systems, 2 Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology which