Mnemonics for Sure Success in MNEMONICS for Sure Success in PG Medical Entrance Examinations Second Edition Presents 600 high quality mnemonics Enhances quick recall and recollection of high value facts Provides “cutting-edge” technique in remembering “long-winding” statements/particulars/facts Packs mnemonics that count Presents 600 high quality mnemonics Enhances quick recall and recollection of high value facts Provides “cutting-edge” technique in remembering “long-winding” statements/particulars/facts Packs mnemonics that count MNEMONICS for Sure Success in PG Medical Entrance Examinations Second Edition Arun Kumar MBBS DNB(s) CBS Publishers & Distributors Pvt Ltd New Delhi • Bengaluru • Chennai • Kochi • Kolkata • Mumbai Hyderabad • Nagpur • Patna • Pune • Vijayawada Disclaimer Science and technology are constantly changing fields. New research and experience broaden the scope of information and knowledge. The author has tried his best in giving information available to him while preparing the material for this book. Although, all efforts have been made to ensure optimum accuracy of the material, yet it is quite possible that some errors might have been left. The publisher, the printer and the author will not be held responsible for any inadvertent errors or inaccuracies. MNEMONICS for Sure Success in PG Medical Entrance Examinations ISBN: 978-93-85915-33-8 Copyright © Author and Publisher First Edition: 2015 Second Edition: 2016 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system without permission, in writing, from the author and the publisher. Published by Satish Kumar Jain and produced by Varun Jain for CBS Publishers & Distributors Pvt Ltd 4819/XI Prahlad Street, 24 Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi 110 002, India. 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Preface to the First Edition his book on mnemonics has been writen in view of problems Tfaced by PG aspirants and MBBS students. All the hard work comes to naught if a student confuses while giving examination. Mnemonics has been prepared to eliminate the confusion one encounters during memorizing the points in a topic. This book is sure to improve your rank in any PG entrance examination especially the one based on factual questions like DNB and state PG entrance examinations. Only 600 mnemonics has been included in this edition to enable students to complete and revise the book in a short time. Students are also encouraged to point out the mistakes in this book for which they will be given the incentive of ` 50/- recharge done in their mobile number provided they are the first to point out the mistake and give reference for the same. One lucky student will also get to avail free discussion and explanation with the author every week. For this they need to provide their name, college name, batch of MBBS admission to author’s contact number. Readers are also advised to give their valuable opinions and suggestions which will be appreciated and acknowledged. Arun Kumar Contact: 9718161947 Email.id: [email protected] Acknowledgements irst I want to thank all my teachers in both school and college Fwho have encouraged and inspired me for hard work. I also want to thank Dr Nitish, Dr Aporva, Dr Rajdeep and Dr Puneet who have been very supportive of me to write this book. I took the inspiration to write the book from my teacher ‘Dr Arup Kumar Kundu’ who has been a leading writer in medical field. My heartfelt thanks to my fiancée who contributed significantly in writing this book. I also like to take this opportunity to thanks my parents, sisters, my brothers, brothers-in-law and all family members who have always had faith in my abilities. I would also like to thank CBS Publishers & Distributors, Mr YN Arjuna (Senior Vice President—Publishing, Editorial and Publicity), Mrs Ritu Chawla (Assistant General Manager—Production) and Mr Vikrant Sharma (DTP Operator) to help me realize my dream of writing the book and publishing the book so beautifully. I would also like to thank my friend Pawan, Bipulji and Dr Pradeep for their valuable support. I would also like to thank my teachers Dr MP Sharma for his guidance. Finally with all my humbleness and sincerity, I thank one and all who have helped me directly and indirectly in completing this book. Arun Kumar Contents Preface to the Second Edition vii Preface to the First Edition ix 1. Anatomy 1 2. Biochemistry 17 3. Physiology 26 4. Pharmacology 35 5. Microbiology 72 6. Pathology 81 7. Forensic Medicine and Toxicology (FMT) 93 8. Preventive and Social Medicine (PSM) 99 9. Eye 111 10. Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) 117 11. Medicine 122 12. Surgery 152 13. Gynecology and Obstetrics (G and O) 162 14. Pediatrics 170 15. Skin 177 16. Anesthesia 180 17. Radiology 184 18. Psychiatry 186 19. Orthopedics 189 1 Anatomy • Floor of third ventricle (formed primarily by hypothalamic structures) Optic chiasma Infundibular recess (which extends into pituitary stalk) Tuber cinereum Mammillary bodies Posterior perforated substance Tegmentum of the midbrain Mnemonic: Opin Tuma Posteg • Muscles of gluteal region Gamellus superior—Nerve to obturator internus (L5, S 1, S2) Mnemonic: GSOI 512 Gamellus inferior—Nerve to quadratus femoris (L4, L5, SI) Mnemonic: IQ 451 • Foramen magnum—Structures passing through its anterior part Apical ligament of Dens Vertical band of cruciate ligament Membrane tectoria Mnemonic: AVM • Foramen ovale Mandibular nerve Accessory meningeal artery (A for Artery) Lesser petrosal nerve Emissary vein (cavernous sinus to pterygoid plexus) Mnemonic: MALE 1 2 Mnemonics • Foramen spinosum Middle meningeal artery and vein (posterior trunk) Emissary vein Nervus spinosus (meningeal branch of mandibular nerve) Mnemonic: MENS • Foramen rotundum—Maxillary nerve Mnemonic: Maxm round Maxillary nerve passes through fossa, fissure and foramen Foramen Foramen rotundum Fissure inferior orbital fissure Fossa pterygopalatine fossa Mnemonic: RIP • Internal acoustic meatus Facial N (VIIIth/7th) Vestibulocochlear N (VIIIth/8th) Nervus intermedius or pars intermedia of Wrisburg Labyrinthine vessels Mnemonic: 78 Intermediate Lab • Foramen lacerum Meningeal branch of ascending pharyngeal artery Emissary vein Mnemonic: MAPEL • Jugular foramen Anterior part Middle part Posterior part Inferior petrosal 9th cranial nerve Internal jugular vein sinus 10th cranial nerve Sigmoid sinus junction 11th cranial nerve Emissary vein (sigmoid Meningeal branch sinus to occipital veins) of ascending Occipital artery pharyngeal (meningeal branch) artery Mnemonic: IPS IS evaluating Our 9, 10, 11 MAP Anatomy 3 • Anatomical snuff box—when thumb is fully extended, depression seen on lateral aspect of wrist, immediately distal to radial styloid process Content—Cephelic vein Superficial radial nerve Radial artery Mnemonic: CSR Floor—Base of first metacarpal Radial styloid Scaphoid Trapezium Mnemonic: BRST Note: Proximal to distal order is RSTB. Boundaries: Lateral wall (anterior wall): Abductor pollicis longus Extensor pollicis brevis Medial wall (Posterior wall): Extensor pollicis longus Mnemonic: EPL is MP • Secretomotor pathway for parotid gland Pons Inferior Salivatory nucleus Glossopharyngeal nerve Tympanic branch and plexus Lesser petrosal nerve Otic ganglion Auriculo temporal nerve Parotid gland Mnemonic: PINS GLOTY LEPO ATP • Structure passing through superior orbital fissure Lateral to annulus of Zinn: Lacrimal nerve Frontal nerve Trochlear nerve Superior ophthalmic vein 4 Mnemonics Meningeal branch of lacrimal artery Mnemonic: LFT Through annulus of Zinn: Nasociliary nerve Oculomotor nerve (superior and inferior division) (3rd CN) Abducens nerve (6th CN) Mnemonic: NOA 36 Inferomedial to annulus—inferior ophthalmic vein • Anterior and Middle superior alveolar nerves are branches of Infraorbital (terminal branch of maxillary nerve) Posterior superior alveolar nerve is direct branch of maxillary nerve Mnemonic: IAM Appendices epiploicae are small sacs of peritoneum filled with fat (adipose projections) over the whole colon except caecum appendix (vermiform) rectum Mnemonic: CAR Note: Taenia coli are absent in distal sigmoid colon and rectum. • Femoral triangle content