University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Center for Systematic Entomology, Gainesville, Insecta Mundi Florida 12-29-2017 Revision of the endemic Madagascan stag beetle genus Ganelius Benesh, and description of a new, related genus (Coleoptera: Lucanidae: Lucaninae: Figulini) M. J. Paulsen University of Nebraska State Museum, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/insectamundi Part of the Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Commons, and the Entomology Commons Paulsen, M. J., "Revision of the endemic Madagascan stag beetle genus Ganelius Benesh, and description of a new, related genus (Coleoptera: Lucanidae: Lucaninae: Figulini)" (2017). Insecta Mundi. 1118. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/insectamundi/1118 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Center for Systematic Entomology, Gainesville, Florida at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Insecta Mundi by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. December 29 December INSECTA 2017 0592 1–16 A Journal of World Insect Systematics MUNDI 0592 Revision of the endemic Madagascan stag beetle genus Ganelius Benesh, and description of a new, related genus (Coleoptera: Lucanidae: Lucaninae: Figulini) M.J. Paulsen Systematic Research Collections University of Nebraska State Museum W436 Nebraska Hall Lincoln, NE 68588-0546 Date of Issue: December 29, 2017 CENTER FOR SYSTEMATIC ENTOMOLOGY, INC., Gainesville, FL M.J. Paulsen Revision of the endemic Madagascan stag beetle genus Ganelius Benesh, and description of a new, related genus (Coleoptera: Lucanidae: Lucaninae: Figulini) Insecta Mundi 0592: 1–16 ZooBank Registered: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:DA6CBFE5-927E-45B6-9D05-69AC97AF7B76 Published in 2017 by Center for Systematic Entomology, Inc. P. O. 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Paulsen Systematic Research Collections University of Nebraska State Museum W436 Nebraska Hall Lincoln, NE 68588-0546 [email protected] Abstract. This paper revises the genus Ganelius Benesh, which is endemic to Madagascar, in the stag beetle tribe Figulini Burmeister (Coleoptera: Lucanidae: Lucaninae). Species in the genus are striking in their highly sexually dimorphic mandibles, a character that rarely occurs in the tribe. The genus was previously comprised of four species, but three of these names were problematic or questionably applied. A lectotype is designated for G. madagascariensis Laporte, a neotype is designated for Ganelius oberndorferi Nonfried, and Nigidius passalifor- mis Benesh is newly synonymized with G. oberndorferi. Two new species, G. gnamptus Paulsen and G. zombi Paulsen, are described from western Madagascar. The identity of the overlooked Ganelius nageli (Kriesche) is fixed through a neotype designation, and the species is moved to the new genus Agnelius, which is distinguished from Ganelius by a lack of sexual dimorphism, serrate protibiae, and a more flattened body. Key Words. Figuline, taxonomy, Africa, Madagascar, new genus, Agnelius Introduction This paper revises the Madagascan genus Ganelius Benesh of the tribe Figulini Burmeister. Figulines are distributed almost exclusively in the Old World and are notable among the Lucaninae in their limit- ed presentation of sexual dimorphism. They have eyes that are completely divided by an ocular canthus and frequently display a flattened or elongate form and may be modified for termitophily. Three genera in the Mascarene Islands are flightless. Although sexual dimorphism is rare among figulines, it reach- es one of its zeniths in Ganelius mandibles, which are strikingly different between males and females. The distinctly sexually dimorphic mandibles and pronotum that appears almost smooth with only fine punctures (lacking a strongly indicated midline) distinguish the genus Ganelius from Nigidius MacLeay. Ganelius is a small genus of stag beetles from Madagascar, and includes four available names that are poorly understood (Bartolozzi and Werner 2004). Two of these names, N. madagascariensis Laporte and N. oberndorferi (Nonfried) are frequently applied to specimens in collections when these infrequently collected stag beetles are present, but it is clear that the names were not being used appro- priately or precisely. The two other names are dubious or rarely used. Bartolozzi and Werner (2004) illustrated the type of G. passaliformis Benesh, which was described from a single, abraded female with dubious locality information. The species treated as G. nageli (Kriesche) in Bartolozzi and Wer- ner (2004) does not conform to the generic description of Ganelius and is moved to a new genus below. Due to the Madagascan biodiversity project of Dr. Brian Fisher and other researchers from the California Academy of Sciences, recent material has been made available for study in this genus. This material, together with historical specimens from Paris, has made it possible to distinguish between previously named species and also to discover new species, two of which are described here. Materials and Methods Specimens and taxonomic material. The following institutions and private collections provided specimens examined for this study. A total of 184 Ganelius s.l. specimens formed the basis of this research. For Ganelius, the dorsal ramus of the mandibles could give false total length measurements if confused with the true mandibular apex, so lengths given are measured from the apex of the clypeus 2 • INSECTA MUNDI 0592, December 2017 PAULSEN to the elytral apex. The greatest width is measured across the pronotum. Acronyms for collections pro- viding material or data for this study include: CASC California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA, USA (J. Schweikert) FMNH Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, USA (C. Maier) IRSNB Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels (A. Drumont) LBC Luca Bartolozzi Collection, Florence, Italy MHNG Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle, Geneva, Switzerland (G. Cuccodoro) MJPC M.J. Paulsen Collection, Lincoln, NE, USA MNHN Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France (A. Mantilleri, S. Boucher) NLMH Niedersächsisches Landesmuseum, Hannover, Germany (A. Eichler) NHM The Natural History Museum, London, UK (M. Barclay, B. Garner, M. Kerley) ZMHB Museum