History of the University of Michigan School of Nursing TABLE OF CONTENTS Narrative history ....................................... 2 Timeline ..................................................... 5 Leadership ................................................. 9 Images of our past .................................. 11 Nurses standing in front of the training school on Catherine Street in Ann Arbor Narrative history diploma program continued until 1952. The relationship between the University The University of Michigan School of Hospital and the nursing program was Nursing has a rich heritage that is over a formalized in 1912, when the University of century in the making. Professional nursing Michigan Training School was reorganized education began in the United States in and placed under the administration of 1873. The national trend came to Ann Arbor the University Hospital. In 1915, the first in 1891 when the University of Michigan full-time instructor was appointed and 130 Training School for Nurses was organized in students were enrolled. A four-year high conjunction with the new University Hospital school diploma was required for admission. located on Catherine Street in Ann Arbor. In 1919, the first degree program for The university’s hospital believed it was nursing students was inaugurated as a incomplete without a nurse training school. five-year combined course in letters and The program was two years in length and nursing. Students spent three years in the six students were admitted in the first year, College of Literature, Science and the Arts, which was organized and administered by followed by two years in the School of the Medical School under the direction of Nursing and received their basic science Jane Pettigrew. Pettigrew was a trained instruction from the Medical School. nurse pursuing medical studies at U-M. In 1923, a $600,000 gift from Senator James During this time, education was not the Couzens provided for the construction primary goal of early nursing schools. of a nurses’ residence, Couzens Hall. Most schools were established by Completed in August of 1925, it had 250 hospitals as a way to use student nurses rooms, mostly singles, accommodating as staff to care for patients, with education about 260 women. The basement had taking a secondary role. The University facilities for instruction, an amphitheater, of Michigan was no exception. faculty offices, laboratories, classrooms, an assembly hall, and a game room. In 1902, the Regents extended the University of Michigan Training School for Nurses By its 50th anniversary, the Training School from a two-year program to a three-year for Nurses could point with pride to the diploma program. Additional nursing education of over 1,600 nurses. That programs started up in the school but the same year, the Board of Regents created 2 In the fall of 1961, the school initiated its first master’s degree, in psychiatric nursing. In 1962, a Master of Science in medical-surgical nursing was initiated. This was the first graduate program in the United States to prepare clinical nursing specialists in medical-surgical nursing. The four-year baccalaureate program received full accreditation from the National League for Nursing in 1963. This was the Couzens Hall, 1926 first time the program was accredited for preparation for first level positions in the faculty of the School of Nursing and public health. The master’s programs in gave the title of professor to the director, medical-surgical and psychiatric nursing Rhoda Reddig Russell. The faculty were also fully accredited at this time. consisted of one assistant professor and 12 instructors. The nursing program was By 1965, the school had grown from its officially recognized as an independent original enrollment of six students in 1891 to university teaching unit, the University of a total of 765 students in the baccalaureate Michigan School of Nursing (UMSN). program and 29 students in the graduate program, with a nursing faculty of 75. In 1944, the program in letters and nursing was discontinued and the Bachelor of By 1970, the school had approximately 1,000 Science in Nursing (BSN) degree program students, one of the largest enrollments was initiated. It required completion of in the nation. The last summer session two years in the College of Literature, was held in 1971. The school’s program Science, and the Arts, followed by transitioned to four regular academic years. three years in the School of Nursing. In 1975, the school expanded its degree In 1952, the three-year diploma program programs by offering, for the first time, a and the five-year research-based Doctorate of Philosophy degree program were (Ph.D.) in nursing. The University of Michigan discontinued and a was one of the first in the country to offer four-year program such a degree. In 1987, the Ph.D. program (three calendar years established four concentrations in high and one academic priority areas of nursing research and year) was established. theory. UMSN was again the first nursing Although the School school in the country to develop such of Nursing had nursing focal areas, helping to guide the Rhoda Reddig Russell, 1940 been recognized science and profession of nursing. as independent since 1941, it wasn’t until 1955 that Rhoda The school established a Center for Nursing Reddig Russell was appointed as the Research in 1984 to serve as the central first dean of the school. Until then, the coordinating body for faculty research school operated under the direction of and to foster collaborative relationships an administrative committee including with other units and institutions in related the hospital and medical school. research. In the following years, new 3 master’s programs were developed in at the U-M Center for Interprofessional gerontological nursing, nurse-midwifery, Education, helping to ensure that health care occupational health nursing, home professionals from U-M can work creatively health care, family nurse practitioner, and and collaboratively with practitioners acute care nurse practitioner. Existing from all of the health care fields. programs, including nursing administration, psychiatric mental health nursing, and In 2015, after two years of construction, the undergraduate studies curriculum the School of Nursing Building opened. It were also reviewed and invigorated. included space for classes, faculty and staff offices, and an expanded Clinical Learning In 1989, the School of Nursing moved Center. The 125th anniversary celebration into renovated space at 400 North in April, 2016 highlighted the school’s first Ingalls, part of the former Saint Joseph’s purpose-built building for nursing education, Hospital. This brought the school with integrated technology and state of the together under one roof after having art simulation facilities, as well as revealed its been split between Couzens Hall and global reach. Speakers and attendees from other buildings in the medical campus. the Caribbean to Thailand came together for the school’s Symposium on Global In 1991, the School of Nursing celebrated its Health: 125 years of research and impact. 100 th anniversary of training and educating future nurses. The Honors Program for high- Since 1997, UMSN has been a designated ability undergraduate students began in Pan-American Health Organization/World 1995. In 1996, the school introduced the Health Organization Collaborating Center. second career nursing program in which those with bachelor’s degrees in fields other UMSN remains committed to responding than nursing were able to complete a BSN to the changing social, economic, and degree and prepare for the Registered scientific landscape as we evolve to best Nurse NCLEX exam and licensing in 20 serve our profession and our students. months. This program was sunset in 2017. In 2017, the School of Nursing offers BSN, Master of Science in Nursing (MSN), Ph.D., and Doctorate of Nursing Practice (DNP) programs in a variety of specializations, showing the remarkable professionalization of the field in the last 50 years. Recent years have seen a continued emphasis on driving the science and profession of nursing. UMSN now offers degree programs through three departments: Undergraduate Studies, Health Behavior and Biological Sciences, and Systems, Populations and Leadership. A certification in nursing education prepares and encourages graduate students to teach in schools of nursing, and our faculty partners with others in the health sciences 4 Timeline Date History 1891 University of Michigan Training School for Nurses established in response to a growing need for professional nurses. School organized and operated under the auspices of the Medical School. Six students admitted on December 7 to a two-year program. 1896 U-M Homeopathic Hospital Training School for Nurses established with an enrollment of 16 students, under the auspices of the Homeopathic Hospital. 1902 Regents extend program of the University of Michigan Training School to three years. Three-year program maintained until 1952. 1912 University of Michigan Training School for Nurses reorganized; now the responsibility of University Hospital. Enrollment: 100 students 1915 First full-time instructor appointed and enrollment increased to 130 students. Four-year high school diploma required for admission. 1916 Enrollment limited to 140 students. Graduating students receive diploma and school pin. Students expected to take State Board Examination for registered nurses. Graduate executive courses have been in effect for three years;