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Ann Arbor, MI 48106 INTEGRATED APPROACH TO DIAMOND EXPLORATION IN THE NORTH-CENTRAL UNITED STATES DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University by John Michael Memmi, B.S., M.S. ***** The Ohio State University 1993 Dissertation Committee: Approved by G.P. Murdock H.C. Noltimier Douglas El Pride, Adviser R.R.B. von Frese Department of^Geological Sciences Copyright by John Michael Memmi 1993 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Numerous individuals and organizations contributed to the research discussed in this dissertation, and I am grateful to all of them. David Campbell, Minor Davis, Malcolm McCallum, Richard Rapp, John Reed, Jr., Charles Robinson, BMP Minerals, and Halliburton Geophysical Services, plus the state geological surveys of Colorado, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wisconsin, and Wyoming provided information and datasets that were incorporated into the database developed for this investigation. Decision Images donated a beta version of the MapBox GIS package to this project, through the efforts of Dana Tomlin. Bram Janse supplied pre-prints of papers on the geologic settings of primary diamond deposits that were helpful in formulating the empirical exploration model. BMP Minerals and the NASA-sponsored Center for Mapping at The Ohio State University provided partial financial support for the project. I especially thank Ken Witherly for his strong interest in my work. ii The Department of Geological Sciences at The Ohio State University was a source of both financial and logistical backing. I thank Gary Murdock, Hallan Noltimier, and Ralph von Frese for serving on my dissertation committee and for their critical reading of this manuscript. Douglas Pride, my doctoral adviser, has been helpful throughout my graduate term; I greatly appreciate his many efforts on my behalf. My parents, Kathryn and August Memmi, furnished unconditional support, as always, and to them I extend my deep gratitude. Sean and Ian Memmi, my sons and future prospectors, helped me to keep all matters in perspective. Last but by no means least, I am indebted to Molly Memmi, my wife, whose personal and professional sacrifices have enabled me to pursue my goals and dreams. m VITA April 12, 1957 .... Born - Hershey, Pennsylvania 1978 ...................................Geologic Aide Pennsylvania Geological Survey Harrisburg, Pennsylvania 1979 ................................... Bachelor of Science West Chester University West Chester, Pennsylvania 1981 ................................... Engineering Aide B Colorado Geological Survey Denver, Colorado 1982 ...................................Geologic Worker 11 Wyoming Geological Survey Laramie, Wyoming 1982 ................................... Laboratory Technician lA Colorado State University Fort Collins, Colorado 1985 ...................................Technical Chief Remote Sensing and Geophysics Compania Minera Autlan Mexico City, Mexico 1985 ................................... Biological Aide and Software Specialist USDA Forest Service Fernan Ranger District Coeur d'Alene, Idaho 1986 ................................... Summer of Applied Geophysical Experience Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos, New Mexico 1986-1987 Energy Development Specialist Pennsylvania Energy Development Authority Harrisburg, Pennsylvania IV VITA (Continued) 1987-1989 Associate Director Pennsylvania Energy Office Harrisburg, Pennsylvania 1989 ................................... Master of Science Colorado State University Fort Collins, Colorado Thesis: Enhancement and modeling of geophysical data for kimberlite exploration in Colorado and Wyoming 1990-Present .................. Graduate Associate Department of Geological Sciences The Ohio State University Columbus, Ohio PUBLICATIONS Memmi, J.M., McCallum, M.E. and Hausel, W.D., 1983, Preliminary results of resistivity investigations of Colorado-Wyoming kimberlite diatremes: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 15, no. 5, p. 317. Lider, E.L. and Memmi, J.M., 1986, User's guide for program EMBRYO, in Fisheries habitat evaluation: USDA Forest Service, Idaho Panhandle National Forests. Memmi, J.M., 1986, Pennsylvania Energy Development Authority Annual Report for Fiscal Year 1985-86, contributor, 31 p. Memmi, O.M., 1987, Pennsylvania Energy Development Authority: an overview: Proceedings of the Fourth Annual Pittsburgh Coal Conference, p. 332-346. Memmi, J.M., 1987, Pennsylvania Energy Development Authority Annual Report for Fiscal Year 1986-87, main contributor, 35 p. Memmi, J.M., 1988, Clean coal technology developments: Pennsylvania Energy, v. 2, no. 1, p. 5. Meirani, J.M., 1988, Pennsylvania coal database and market analysis system: Pennsylvania Energy, v. 2, no. 1, p. 6-7. Memmi, J.M., 1988, Fourth Annual Pittsburgh Coal Conference: Pennsylvania Energy, v. 2, no. 1, p. 8. VITA (Continued) Memmi, J.M., 1988, PEDA funds new energy development: Pennsylvania Energy, v. 2, no. 2, p. 6,13. Memmi, J.M., 1988, Low volatile coal project attracts utility interest: Pennsylvania Energy, v. 2, no. 2, p. 7. Memmi, J.M., 1988, Developments in clean coal technology: Pennsylvania Energy, v. 2, no. 2, p. 8. Memmi, J.M., 1988, Pennsylvania Energy Development Authority: 1988 update: Proceedings of the Fifth Annual International Pittsburgh Coal Conference, p. 275-284. Memmi, J.M., 1988, Pennsylvania Energy Development Authority Annual Report for Fiscal Year 1987-88, main contributor, 44 p. Memmi, J.M., 1988, PEDA update: Pennsylvania Energy, v. 2, no. 3, p. 6-7. Memmi, J.M., 1988, Energy research, in An energy policy for Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania Energy Office, p. 163-168. Memmi, J.M., 1988, PEDA funds innovative wood waste utilization project: Pennsylvania Energy, v. 2, no. 4, p. 6. Memmi, J.M., 1988, PEDA update: Pennsylvania Energy, v. 2, no. 4, p. 6. Memmi, J.M., 1989, Pennsylvania's unconventional natural gas resources: Pennsylvania Energy, v. 3, no. 1, p. 10-11. Memmi, J.M., 1989, PEDA update: Pennsylvania Energy, v. 3, no. 1, p. 14-15. Memmi, J.M., 1989, Remine: software to assess remining costs: Pennsylvania Energy, v. 3, no. 2, p. 6-7. Memmi, J.M., 1989, PEDA update: Pennsylvania Energy, v. 3, no. 2, p. 8-9. Memmi, J.M., 1989, Low volatile coal project looks promising: Pennsylvania Energy, v. 3, no. 2, p. 12-13. Memmi, J.M., 1989, Pennsylvania Energy Development Authority Annual Report for Fiscal Year 1988-89, main contributor, 29 p. Memmi, J.M., 1989, PEDA update: Pennsylvania Energy, v. 3, no. 3. vi VITA (Continued) Memmi, J.M., 1989, LICADO: an innovative fine coal cleaning technology: Pennsylvania Energy, v. 3, no. 3. Meirani, J.M., Pride, D.E. and Krumm, C.W., 1991, Investigation of porphyry, base, and precious metal anomalies over the Crow Springs igneous complex, Nevada: Ohio Journal of Science, V. 91, no. 2, p. 34. Memmi, J.M., Pride, D.E. and Krumm, C.W., 1991, Rapid manipulation and summary of geochemical data using a PC-based GIS: an example from Crow Springs, Nevada: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 23, no. 3, p. 48. Memmi, J.M. and McCallum, M.E., 1991, Enhancement of geophysical data for kimberlite exploration at Iron Mountain, Wyoming, USA: Extended Abstracts, Fifth International Kimberlite Conference, Araxa, Minas Gerais, Brazil, Companhia de Pesquisa de Recursos Minerais, Special Publication 2/91, p. 273-275. Memmi, J.M. and McCallum, M.E., 1991, Finite element modeling of resistivity data from kimberlites in Colorado-Wyoming, USA: Extended Abstracts, Fifth International Kimberlite Conference, Araxa, Minas Gerais, Brazil, Companhia de Pesquisa de Recursos Minerais, Special Publication 2/91, p. 276-278. Pride, D.E.