Università degli Studi di Cagliari DOTTORATO DI RICERCA in Ingegneria Elettronica e Informatica Ciclo XXVII TITOLO TESI Wearable sensors networks for safety applications in industrial scenarios Settore/i scientifico disciplinari di afferenza ING-INF/03 (Telecomunicazioni) Presentata da: Claudia Musu Coordinatore Dottorato Fabio Roli Tutor/ Relatore Daniele Giusto Esame finale anno accademico 2013 – 2014 Ph.D. in Electronic and Computer Engineering Dept. of Electrical and Electronic Engineering University of Cagliari Wearable sensors networks for safety applications in industrial scenarios Claudia Musu Advisor: Prof. Daniele Giusto Curriculum: ING-INF/03 (Telecomunicazioni) XXVII Cycle March 2015 Pag- 2/111 To Luca and my family Pag- 3/111 Contents Abstract.................................................................................................................... 11 Introduction.............................................................................................................. 13 Chapter 1.................................................................................................................. 16 Industrial port in Europe .......................................................................................... 16 1.1. Navigation ..................................................................................................... 16 1.2. The port ......................................................................................................... 18 1.3. Port service area: the Port of Cagliari ............................................................ 19 Chapter 2.................................................................................................................. 22 Analysis of the processes ......................................................................................... 22 2.1. Current situation of the port of Cagliari ......................................................... 22 Chapter 3.................................................................................................................. 26 Re-engineering of the processes ............................................................................... 26 3.1. Port context: re-engineering ........................................................................... 26 3.1.1. Port areas .................................................................................................. 28 3.1.2. Control room ............................................................................................ 29 3.2. Pre-application analysis ................................................................................. 31 3.3. Information exchange .................................................................................... 32 3.4. WebGIS portal ............................................................................................... 33 Chapter 4.................................................................................................................. 38 Wireless Sensor Network ......................................................................................... 38 4.1. The Internet of Things ................................................................................... 38 4.2. Wireless Sensor Networks ............................................................................. 40 Pag- 4/111 4.3. Body Area Network (BAN) ........................................................................... 46 Chapter 5.................................................................................................................. 49 Wearable Sensor Network ........................................................................................ 49 5.1. RFID ............................................................................................................. 49 5.2. Wireless Identification and Sensing Platform (WISP) ................................... 51 5.3. Wearable sensors network ............................................................................. 53 5.4. The control system ........................................................................................ 57 Chapter 6.................................................................................................................. 63 Antennas Design ...................................................................................................... 63 6.1. Multi-conductor transmission lines ................................................................ 63 6.2. Calculation of L and C parameters ................................................................. 66 6.3. Proposed model ............................................................................................. 72 Chapter 7.................................................................................................................. 76 Experimental Results ............................................................................................... 76 7.1. Geometry of antennas under test .................................................................... 76 7.2. First validation ............................................................................................... 77 7.3. Test with different multi-conduttor ................................................................ 82 7.4. Test with substrate wereable .......................................................................... 84 Chapter 8.................................................................................................................. 86 SAR: Specific Absorption Rate ................................................................................ 86 8.1. SAR for different cases of study .................................................................... 86 8.2. Wearable Rectangular Patch Antenna ............................................................ 91 Chapter 9.................................................................................................................. 98 Conclusion and future works .................................................................................... 98 Appendix ............................................................................................................... 101 Pag- 5/111 10.1. Computation of the eigenvectors ................................................................ 101 10.2. Bisection method........................................................................................ 103 10.3. Discretization ............................................................................................. 103 References ............................................................................................................. 106 Pag- 6/111 List of Figures 1.1 Revision map: Source Port Authority Cagliari ................................................... 20 2.1 Current nconfiguration in the Cagliari International Container Terminal ............ 23 2.2 WiFi coverage in the porto of Cagliari ............................................................... 22 3.1 Example of a control room architecture ............................................................. 30 3.2 Screenshot of the port planimetry ....................................................................... 32 3.3 WebGIS framework ........................................................................................... 33 3.4 Structure of the user interface ............................................................................. 34 3.5 Home Page ......................................................................................................... 34 3.6 WebGIS Maps .................................................................................................... 35 3.7 Map with Open Street Map ................................................................................ 36 3.8 Different layer .................................................................................................... 36 3.9 Console Layer .................................................................................................... 37 3.10 Workers Marker ............................................................................................... 37 4.1 WSN example .................................................................................................... 41 4.2 WSN network topologies .................................................................................. 42 4.3 LR-WPAN classification: coverage area ............................................................ 44 4.4 BAN Sensors Network for Workplace Safety Management ............................... 47 5.1 WISP example................................................................................................... 51 5.2 Wisp circuit ........................................................................................................ 52 5.3 Wearable sensors network .................................................................................. 53 5.4 System architecture ............................................................................................ 54 5.5 Impinj kit............................................................................................................ 54 5.6 Wisp-Moo Datasheet .......................................................................................... 56 5.7 Axes and rotation angle of a sensor ................................................................... 58 5.8 Left: vertical angle between the acceleration along the X axe