• Superorder Acanthopterygii • Mugilomorpha – Order Mugiliformes: Mullets • Atherinomorpha ACANTHOPTERYGII = Mugilomorpha (mullets) + – Order Atheriniformes: Silversides and rainbowfishes Atherinomorpha (silversides) + Percomorpha – Order Beloniformes: Needlefish, Halfbeaks, and Flyingfishes – Order Cyprinodontiformes: Killifishes,plays, swordtails + ricefishes (Medaka) • Series Percomorpha – ?Order Stephanoberciformes: Pricklefish, whalefish – ?Order Bercyformes: Squirrelfishes, redfishes, Pineapple fishes, flashlight fishes, Roughies, Spinyfins, Fangtooths – ?Order Zeiformes: Dories, Oreos, . – Order Gasterosteiformes: Pipefish and seahorses, sticklebacks – Order Synbranchiformes: Swampeels – Order Scorpaeniformes: Scorpianfish – Order Perciformes: Many many – Order Pleuronectiformes: Flounders and soles – Order Tetraodontiformes: Triggers and puffers etc Acanthopterygii Phylogeny – Johnson and Wiley Seven “Super Orders” • 7) Superorder Acanthopterygii • ‘Three ‘Series’ • 1) Mugilomorpha – mullets – 66 species, economically important; leap from water.?? 1 Seven “Super Orders” Seven “Super Orders” • 7) Superorder Acanthopterygii - 3 ‘Series’ • 2) Atherinomorpha – Surface of water. • 7) Superorder Acanthopterygii – 13,500 • a) Atheriniformes - silversides, rainbow fish, species in 251 families. 285 spp.; • b) Beloniformes = needlefishes, flying fishes, include Medakas (ricefish Oryzias - used in 3) Percomorpha 12,000 species with labs; first to have sex in space); and anteriorly placed pelvic girdle that is • c) Cyprinodontiformes = Poeciliids – mollies, guppies, swordtails; Killifish, pupfish etc. – connected to the pectoral girdle directly or highly salt tolerant and extreme environments; Annual aplocheilid rivulines. by a ligament; pelvic fin w/ anterior spine Rivulus marmoratus only self fertilizing fish; Anablepid – four eye fish. Species flock of and usually five soft rays Orestias in Lake Titicaca (4570 m). Acanthopterygii Phylogeny – Johnson and Wiley Percomorpha • Defined - Anteriorly placed pelvic girdle connected to pectoral directly or by ligament; not well defined group Basal Orders • Stephanoberyciforms (gibberfishes & whalefish) • Zeiformes - dories • Bericiformes - orange roughy & squirrelfishes, soldierfish 2 Percomorpha Percomorpha Basal Orders • Gasterosteiforms – dermal armor plates, small • Order Perciformes – 148 mouths; sticklebacks, sea families and 9300 species horses, sea moths, pipefish, sea dragons, - • Suborder Percoidei - 71 only verts - male pregnant; families with 2860 species trumpetfish & cornet fish. – Centropomids – snooks, • Synbranchiforms – Swamp barramundi, Nile Perch etc Eels - palatoquadrate – Serranidae – sea basses, 450+ attaches at two points on species – 3 spines on opercle; skull = amphystilic 3 subfamilies inc. mamlets, suspension. groupers, soapfish, etc. • Scorpaniformes – Many are hermaphrodites – scorpionfish, rockfish and start female become male = sculpins; only freshwater = PROTOGYNY sculpins Percomorpha Percomorpha • Suborder Percoidei (many families) – 71 • Suborder Percoidei - 71 families families with 2860 with 2860 species species – Centrarchidae – 29 spp. Sunfishes, – Grammatidae – basslets – Percidae – yellow perch crappies, rockbasses and basses and walleye and darters (162+ species) – Cardinal fish (Apogonids) – 320+ spp. Nocturnal reef fish w/ big eyes – Tilefishes (Malacanthids) – marine burroughs, move shells, rocks w/ mouth – Nematistiidae – remoras – first dorsal fin modified as sucking organ; - sometimes combined w/ next four as carangoids 3 PERCOMORPHA PERCOMORPHA • Cobia – monotypic – • Lobotid tripletails – looks like ramora but no disk often w/ manta rays dorsal anal and • Dolphin fishes (dorado) - caudal fins - 2pp. – sexual • Gerreidae – mojarras dimorphism in skulls – common inshore • Jacks – Carangids – 140 + species of predators – • Haemulidae (grunts) good swimmers – – coral reef – pork carangiform locomotion. fish • Lutjanids – snappers 125+ spp. • Sparidae (Porgies) • Lobotid tripletails – dorsal • Polynemid threadfins anal and caudal fins PERCOMORPHA PERCOMORPHA • Sciaenid Croakers – 270+ species - Totoaba – sound & • Chaetodontidae – large otoliths and butterfly fishes – 114 extensive lateral species lines. • Pomacanthidae – • Mullid (goatfishes) Anglefishes • Monodactylilid • Kyphosids – sea chubs fingerfishes 42 sp. • Toxotid • Nanid Leaf fish Archerfishes – • Cirrhitid hawkfishes shoot water eyes submerged 4 PERCOMORPHA PERCOMORPHA • Suborder - Elassomatids – pygmy sunfish – • Suborder - Zoarcoidei – eelpouts, wolffishes, wolf eels, gunnels convergence w/ true sunfishes • Suborder - Nototheniodei – icefishes, glycoprotein • Suborder - LABROIDEI – species flocks and antifreeze • Suborder - Trachinoidei – stargazers, sand divers, sand explosive speciation lances, weeverfishes (venomous w/ stargazers) Cichlidae, Pomacentridae, Labridae, • Suborder - Icosteoidei, Gobiesocoidei, Callionymoidei – ragfish, clingfish, Dragonet (popular aquarium) Scaridae, Embiotocidae & Odacids • Suborder - Blennioidei – Blennies • Suborder - Gobioidei - Gobies PERCOMORPHA PERCOMORPHA • Suborder Kurtoidei – Kurtids, • Suborder Scombroidei – males care eggs w/ attachment to supraoccipital crest Mackerels, tunas, Barracudas, cutlass • Suborder Acanthuroidei – fishes, Xiphiid swordfish Acanthurids (72 spp), and istiophorid sailfish, rabbitfishes, spadefishes, spearfish and marlins Louvar (female w/ 50 million eggs), Moorish Idol • Suborder Stromateoidei – medusafishes, • Suborder Scombrolabracoidei squaretails, driftfishes, – weird gas bladder that has projections, monotypic butterfishes 5 PERCOMORPHA PERCOMORPHA • Suborder •Order – Anabantoidei – Pleuronectiformes – labyrinth fishes – pelagic symmetric auxiliary breathing larvae, metamorphose into structure – betas adults that lie on and gouamis bottom, Soles (usually • Suborder right eyed), flounders, Channoidei – halibut (righteye snakeheads flounder), tonguefishes. PERCOMORPHA Order - Tetradontiformes – triggerfish, filefishes, boxfishes, puffers, Mola Ocean Sunfishes lots of cartilage in skull, up to 1000 lbs. 6.