SCSI, thE Nuts and Bolts . • • • • I • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . - • • • • ZADIAN TECHNOLOGIES • Welcome Notes Welcome to the Zadian seminar. Please locate in the following pages of t:l!S book: 1. Copyright Notice 2. Disclaimer Notice 3. Information about Zadian products and services 4. Table of Content~;s In the back of the book, you will find ar, j:1ds}( with subjects and pa~.:e numbers. We hope that you will f1nd t;18 course informative, h0~~rul, and enjuy-ab;...,. ,.~ ~ II'~ • Z .. "J.FJr. Ii .,'j I :(" adtan ~L'.fU not.)LJ ares, nv~ 1210 S. 8asconl Pi ',s., t:214 San Jose, f'A !35", 28 Tel: (408) 293-0800 Fax: (408) 293-0850 Zatfian 'IeclinoCogies Octo6er 1, 1992 Copyright Copyright © 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, Zadian Technologies, Inc. A" rights reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from Zadian Technologies, Inc. Zatfian'Iecfinofogies Octo6er 1, 1992 I Disclaimer This material is not a specification for SCSI or any other system. Zadian Technologies makes no warranty and assumes no liability arising out of the application or use of any product, hardware, software, system, circuit, or anything else described herein. Zadian Technologies assumes no responsibility for errors appearing in this docu­ ment. Zadian Technologies assumes no responsibility for any claims that the concepts or details discussed in the seminar, or disclosed in the course materials, are pro­ prietary to any person or company. Seminar participants are urged to clear any designs proposed for products with their patent and copyright council. Zadian 'Ieclinofogies October 1, 1992 II ABO U T Z A D I A N Zadian Technologies is a leading supplier of test, evaluation, and production systems and software for SCSI and IDE (ATA) disk, tape, optical and other peripheral devices. We also provide training seminars, custom software and consulting services in the area of SCSI, IDE, and disk drive technology. Established in 1983, we have over 150 prestigious clients, have given hundreds of seminars, and trained thousands of students worldwide. Zatfian rreclinowgies Octo6er 1, 1992 III T EST S Y S T EMS IDE Pod This is a multi-featured, powerful, flexible, and affordable IDE disk drive test sys­ tem with turnkey and programmable software for stand-alone and multi-port pro­ duction applications. Zatlian tTedinofogies Octo6er 1, 1992 [0/ T EST S Y S T EMS SCSI Pod This is a multi-featured, powerful, flexible, and affordable SCSI disk, optical, and tape drive test system with turnkey and programmable software for stand-alone and mUlti-port production applications. ZaC£ian 'Iecfinofogies Octo6er 1, 1992 T EST SO F TWA R E Our turnkey software packages are powerful, extensive, flexible, and user­ friendly. They feature unsurpassed testing power offering the highest test cover­ age. They are also configurable with easy-to-use ASCII text parameter files that are editable by the user. Also provided are detailed error reporting, debug and single-step modes, logic analyzer interface, and comprehensive documentation. Hardware platforms are the industry-standard Adaptec test adapters. Zatfian %clinofogies Octo6er I, 1992 0/1 S 0 F TWA REP A C K AGE S SCSI Host Basher SCSI Tagged Queueing Drive Simulator This software is a complete SCSI disk and optical device This is a SCSI-2 disk or optical target simulator, supporting target emulator with programmable error injection capabili­ tagged queueing, to be used as a gold drive for testing ties. It verifies host adapters' and device drivers' SCSI host systems. compliance and error condition handling, such as time­ outs, status, sense, parity, media defects, and protocol SCSI Logic Analyzer Tool Kit .violations. This is user-friendly software 10 enhance the Adaptec SDS- 210,310,310A, or 31 OS SCSI Logic Analyzer, with many SCSI Disk/Optical Investigator/SCSI Tape Investigator features such as timing/state toggle, search, pop-up win­ This is SCSI target firmware evaluation and verification dows, and translated SCSI commands, status and mes­ software. It thoroughly tests the SCSI protocol under legal sages. and illegal conditions, including commands, messages, Attention, Unit Attention, Contingent Allegiance, Mode SCSI Bus Sampler Select, reset, ECC, parity errors, linking, and synchronous This is an on-screen SCSI bus monitor, displaying signals negotiation. and phases at real-time. It provides the capabilities of a hardware bus analyzer without the expense. SCSI Tape Basher This software is a SCSI tape drive reliability, production, SCSI Disk/Optical Basher and functional test. It sequentially and randomly verifies This software is for reliability, production, and functional read/write/space, rewind, erase, load/unload, filemarks, testing of SCSI disk and optical drives. It provides sequen­ fixed/variable, buffered/unbuffered, write protect, data tial and random read/write/seek testing, format, media integrity, and performance. scan, defect handling, data integrity checking, and indus­ try-standard performance analysis. SCSI Queue Basher This is a SCSI-2 tagged queueing data integrity and ATAlIDE Disk Basher throughput test. One or more targets are stressed using This is an IDE disk drive reliability production, and func­ sequential and random commands and tagged messages. tional test. Zadian 'Teclinofogies Octo6er 1, 1992 'VII TRAI N I NG CO U RSES Our seminars are designed to provide extensive technical training, with special emphasis on practical applications. They are based on decades of experience in I/O engineering, integration, and testing, and are pre­ SCSI, the Nuts sented by expert instructors. and Bolts The courses are offered publicly and on-site worldwide. SCSI, the Nuts and Bolts This is a comprehensive and up-to-date seminar covering hardware, software, firmware and all other SCSI aspects. Introduction to SCSI This course provides an overview of SCSI fundamentals and concepts. Disk Drive Technology This seminar offers extensive training on essentials of disk drives including heads and media, read/write, servo, and interfaces. IDE (ATA) This is a thorough examination of IDE covering hardware, software, and firmware. Zatfian 'Ieclinofogies Octo6er 1, 1992 0/111 CON S U L TIN G Our expert team of professional software engineers has produced millions of lines of very high quality 'e' and assembly code for SCSI, IDE, and other peripheral device software and firmware, for a large variety of systems and applications. Areas of expertise include: Host Device Drivers We have a library of device drivers for numerous protocol chips and hardware platforms, which can be customized for your specific application. Device Firmware We have firmware for various target device types which can be ported to your own device. Test Software You can choose from tens of test applications which can be modified to suit your needs. Zaiian rr'ecfinoCogies DctoGer 1, 1992 IX Table of Contents Introduction History----------------------­ 2 Overview---------------------­ 3 Standards---------------------­ 6 Relationship Between Standards -------------­ 8 Analogy With Phone System--------------­ 9 SCSI Devices-------------------­ 10 Sy~emConfigur~ions---~------------~ 13 Initiator Block Diagram----------------~ 19 ~rgetBlockDiagram-----------------­ 20 ConfigurationJumpers----------------~ 21 Conventions Used in Handout -------------­ 22 Disconnect/Reconnect Procedures------------­ 23 BusPhases------------------------ 27 NexusandVOProcess __________________ 35 Hexadecimal Notation ________________~ 36 Data Bus---------------------­ 37 Status Values-------------------~ 40 Zadian 'Tecfinologies Octo6er 1, 1992 x Table of Contents Commands Command Format------------------------------------ 42 Command Sets 49 Test Unit Ready Command 58 Inquiry Command 60 Copy Command 65 Request Sense Command 71 Contingent Allegiance 80 Unit Attention 83 Reserve/Release Commands 87 Start/Stop Command 88 Disk - Read Command 90 Ztu{ian rreclinowgies Octo6er 1, 1992 XI Table of Contents Commands (Continued) Disk-~riteCommand~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 94 Mode Select and Mode Sense Commands ~~~~~~~~~- 97 Mode Select and Mode Sense Data ------------ 99 Mode Select Command ________________ 107 Mode Sense Command 109 Mode Page 1 113 Mode Page 1 Summary 119 Mode Page 3 120 Disk Defect Management 126 Format Unit Command 129 Logical Block Addressing 140 Zatfian Teclinofogies Octo6er 1, 1992 XII Table of Contents Commands (Continued) ~riteOnce Devices~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~- 144 CD-ROM Devices 145 Optical Memory Devices 146 Printer Devices 147 Medium Changer Devices 148 Tape Device Model 149 Tape - Read Block Limits Command 154 Tape - Read Command 157 Tape - Write Command 161 Tape - Rewind Command 165 Other Tape Commands 167 Zadian 'Tecfinofogies Octo6er 1, 1992 XIII Table of Contents Electrical Characteristics SCSI Cables-----------------­ 169 Connectors -------------------­ 170 ~r~ination Devices---~--~~~~~~~---- 172 Passive Ter~ination Devices---~--~------­ 174 Active Ter~ination Devices--------------­ 176 Ter~inator Power---.----------------­ 177 Signal Values ------------~-----­ 178 Bus Signals -------------------­ 180 Connector Pin Assign~ent --------------­ 181 Bus Ti~ings -------------------­ 185 Bus Reset---------------------­ 189 Parity--------~-----~~------ 190 Attention Condition ----------------~ 191 Infor~ation Transfer Phases -------------­ 195 Asynchronous REQ/ACK Handshake ----------­ 197 Bus Signals and