ANDERS EMILSON ANDERS EXPRESSION OF FORMS AND SPHERES PUBLIC MEDIA, NEW DISSERTATION: ANDERS EMILSON DESIGN IN THE SPACE BETWEEN STORIES Design for Social Innovation and Sustainability – from responding to societal challenges to preparing for societal collapse DESIGN IN THE SPACE BETWEEN STORIES BETWEEN SPACE THE IN DESIGN MALMÖ UNIVERSITY2015 MALMÖ isbn 978-91-7104-633-8 MALMÖ UNIVERSITY 205 06 MALMÖ, SWEDEN WWW.MAH.SE isbn 978-91-7104-633-8_omslag_tryck.indd Alla sidor 2015-07-30 13:42 DESIGN IN THE SPACE BETWEEN STORIES Doctoral dissertation in Interaction Design Dissertation series: New Media, Public Spheres and Forms of Expression Faculty: Culture and Society Department: School of Arts and Communication Malmö University Information about time and place of public defence, and electronic version of dissertation: https://dspace.mah.se/handle/2043/19185 © Copyright Anders Emilson, 2015 Layout: Jonas Odhner Language editing: Janet Feenstra Print: Service Point Holmbergs, Malmö 2015 ISBN 978-91-7104-633-8 (print) ISBN 978-91-7104-634-5 (pdf) ANDERS EMILSON DESIGN IN THE SPACE BETWEEN STORIES Design for Social Innovation and Sustainability – from responding to societal challenges to preparing for societal collapse Malmö University 2015 To my son, Igor CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ................................................ 13 PART I: INTRODUCTION ................................................ 17 A DARK ENTRY ............................................................ 19 Proposal .............................................................................32 A design transformationist mindset and approach ................33 A design thing as an in-between space for contemplation ....34 Dark and soft design fiction ...............................................36 Research Project—My Journey to the Crises of Civilization .........38 Research environment .......................................................39 Projects and cases ...........................................................40 Interaction Design ...........................................................43 Participatory Design .........................................................46 Design space .................................................................49 Politics, Democracy, and Power ..............................................49 Agonism ........................................................................50 Governance ....................................................................50 Design things ..................................................................52 Reframing Design ................................................................54 Object of Study and a Tentative Theory of Change ...................56 Transformation and transition ............................................57 Research Questions ..............................................................60 Disposition ...........................................................................60 PART II: SITUATIONS ..................................................... 63 SITUATION ONE: SOCIAL SUSTAINABILITY IN MALMÖ .......................................... 64 7 SERIES LIST Made by you, based on a list of titles from the faculty office. Your own dissertation appears on the list – your series number is The Malmö Commission ........................................................65 allocated by the faculty office. The Area Programmes ...........................................................66 No pagina. An Incubator Process in Four Phases .......................................69 Phase One: The Idea of an Incubator Emerges .........................70 Move to the last page of the Phase Two: The Workshop Process at Medea ...........................72 manuscript, facing the inside of Herrgårds Kvinnoförening .................................................73 back cover. Barn i Stan ......................................................................74 Miljonprocessen ..............................................................75 Update coloured characters and Aluma ............................................................................76 make them black. Gnistan and Kaninhotellet .................................................76 Feed’us ...........................................................................77 A Mix of Perspectives, Frames, Competences, Practices, and Sectors ......................................78 Revisiting the Workshops: Conversations about Possible Social Incubators ........................80 Workshop One: March 4, 2011 ........................................80 Workshop Two: March 18, 2011 ......................................87 Workshop Three: April 1, 2011 ........................................96 Four scenarios .................................................................97 Outcomes of the workshop ..................................................103 Conclusions from the Workshops ..........................................105 Phase Three: The Trade and Industry Process .........................108 Phase 4: Shrinking Democracy and an Incubator for “New Jobs and Innovation”..........................111 The Process of the Innovation Forum ......................................118 The pre-study .................................................................119 Outcomes .....................................................................120 Guiding principles of the Innovation forums .......................121 The organization of Innovation forums ..............................122 SITUATION TWO: THE CRISIS OF CIVILIZATION .......................................125 PART III: THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK .........................................135 SUSTAINABILITY, COLLAPSE, AND RESILIENCE ........................................................136 Sustainability or Resilience? .................................................137 COLLAPSE .................................................................141 8 Resilience ..........................................................................146 Community Resilience .........................................................152 Collaborative and Communicative Resilience .........................154 Critical Perspectives on Resilience .........................................157 Transition ...........................................................................159 A Safe Operating Space— Planetary Boundaries and Social Targets ...............................164 Shocks and Slides—Survival and Transformation ....................166 SOCIAL INNOVATION .................................................168 The Social .........................................................................168 Social Innovation, Social and Societal Entrepreneurship— New Arenas for Design .......................................................172 Why Social Innovation? Background and Context ..................174 A New Innovation Paradigm ................................................178 Definitions .........................................................................179 Difference Between Social Entrepreneurship and Social Innovation ................................................................183 The Hegemonic Battle Over a Name .....................................184 Networks in Social Innovation ..............................................186 Complexity and Systemic Social Innovation ..........................189 Merging Social Innovation with Resilience .............................192 DESIGN ....................................................................197 Design as We Know It—Some Basics ....................................199 Design as Conversation with the Situation..............................203 From technical rationality to societal issues in the “swamp” .204 Reflection in action .........................................................208 Reflective conversation with the situation ...........................209 Experiments in reflection in action ....................................211 Schön as forerunner of design things and Adversarial Design ..................................................212 Contemporary Design Approaches Addressing Societal Challenges ...........................................215 Transformation Design and Service Design in the United Kingdom ..............................215 Design for Social Innovation and Sustainability (Italy) .........217 Design and Politics ............................................................220 Absence of the political in Design for Social Innovation ......223 Sustainable HCI and Collapse Informatics .............................225 9 FRAMES AND VALUES .................................................231 Frames ..............................................................................234 The Common Cause Reports ................................................237 Putting frames into practice .............................................244 Frames and Social Movements .............................................246 Frames in Sustainability and Resilience Theory .......................249 Frames in Design Theory .....................................................253 Rhetorical frames, action frames, and metacultural frames ...258 Policy controversies and frames .......................................260 Design rationality and frames ..........................................262 Frames Applied in this Thesis ...............................................269 REFRAMING THE FUTURE WITH STORIES ...........................................................272