Oxford in India Readings in Sociology and Social Anthropology GENERAL EDITOR T.N. MADAN SOCIOLOGY OF LAW Edited by INDRA DEVA OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS Contents Introduction 1 I. FUNCTIONING OF THE LEGAL SYSTEM 41 1. UPENDRA BAXI Colonial Nature of the Indian Legal System 45 2. J. DUNCAN M. DERRETT Administration of Hindu Law by the British 60 3. V.R. KRISHNA IYER Law and the People 73 4. KRISHNA KUMAR Patterns of Criminal Justice amongst Some Tribes 82 5. J.S. GANDHI Law as an Instrument of Change in India 98 II. THE LEGAL PROFESSION 112 6. SAMUEL SCHMITTHENER Development of the Legal Profession in India 114 7. K.L. SHARMA Legal Profession and Society: A Study of Lawyers and their Clients 131 8. CHARLES MORRISON Social Organization at the District Courts: Colleague Relationships among Indian Lawyers 144 III. LAW AND RELIGIOUS IDENTITY 154 9. DONALD EUGENE SMITH Religion, Law, and Secularism 158 10. JOHN H. MANSFIELD Personal Laws or a Uniform Civil Code? 174 viii Contents 11. DIETER CONRAD The Personal Law Question and Hindu Nationalism 194 12. KAVITA R. KHORY The Shah Bano Case: Some Political Implications 213 IV. LAW AND 'EHE DISADVANTAGED GROUPS 227 13. MARC GALANTER Pursuing Equality in the Land of Hierarchy 232 14. M.P. SINGH Jurisprudential Foundation of Reservations 250 15. RAM JETHMALANI Mandal Revisited 261 16. S.P. SATHE Empowerment of Women: Legal Strategies 266 V. SOCIETAL ROLE OF JUDICIARY 289 17. V.R. KRISHNA IYER Towards an Indian Jurisprudence of Social Action and Public Interest Litigation 292 18. MAHABALESHWAR N. MORJE Public Interest Litigation 310 VI. UW r AND SOCIAL CHANGE 320 19. INDRA DEVA AND Growth of Traditional Legal SHRIRAMA System: The Perspective of Change through the Ages 324 20. YOGENDRA SINGH Law and Social Change . in India 337 21. PETER G. SACK Constitutions and Revolutions 352 Contributors 362 Index 365.