International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies 2016; 4(1): 423-430 ISSN: 2347-5129 (ICV-Poland) Impact Value: 5.62 (GIF) Impact Factor: 0.352 Status of polyculture pangasius hypophthalmus with IJFAS 2016; 4(1): 423-430 © 2016 IJFAS Carps in Jhikargacha Upazila of Jessore District, www.fisheriesjournal.com Bangladesh Received: 21-11-2015 Accepted: 23-12-2015 Md. Munsur Ali, Abdulla-Al-Asif, Md. Azharul Islam Shabuj, SuvashisVaumik, Md. Munsur Ali Department of Aquaculture, Md. Abu Zafar, B.M. Newaz Sharif Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural Abstract University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh. The present study was conducted in Jhikargacha sub-district of Jessore district with the view to evaluating status of polyculture of Pangasius hypophthalmus with carps from July to December 2012. Abdulla-Al-Asif The mean age and experience of the respondents was 41.28±12.19 and 9.48±3.12 years respectively. Department of Aquaculture, Culture pond size was 0.41±0.21 ha (0.343 to 0.478 at 95% CL). 67.50% culture ponds were leased Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh ponds and mean yearly lease value was 535364.70±468224.20 BDT/ha. All the ponds were rectangular Agricultural University, in shape and perennial in nature. During preparation of pond, all the ponds were dried by draining out the Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh. water. Liming was done at 229.30±118.70 kg/ha (pre-stocking) and 250 kg/ha (post-stocking). Md. Azharul Islam Shabuj Application rate of various fertilizers during post stocking management were recorded as- 155.12±79.10 Department of Fisheries and kg/ha (cow dung); 158.27±79.85 kg/ha (urea); and 79.90±42.93 kg/ha (TSP). Five species of fishes were Marine Bioscience, Faculty of found to be stocked at the rate of 7377 individuals/ha including 93.10% P. hypophthalmus seeds and Biological Science and 6.90% other carps. Supplementary feeding was done daily and the application rates were 444.23±236.41 Technology, Jessore University kg/ha (rice bran), 228.29±116.96 kg/ha (mustard oil cake), and 912.91±468.05 kg/ha (commercial pangus of Science and Technology, feeds, pellet). Average fish production was found 6672.84 kg/ha. All the fishes grown in the study area Jessore-7408, Bangladesh. were marketed to fish landing centers and markets of three districts- Chuadanga (47.50%), Dhaka (30%) SuvashisVaumik and Jessore (22.50%). The average cost-benefit ratio was 1:1.15. High mortality, low growth of seeds, Farm Officer, Sherpur Fish and high input price were the major problems. Hatchery, CP Bangladesh Co. Ltd. Balughata, Nalitabari, Sherpur. Keywords: Polyculture, Pangasius hypophthalmus, Carps, Supplementary feeding, Jessore Md. Abu Zafar 1. Introduction Department of Aquaculture, Hajee Mohammad Danesh In spite of vast water resources, the people of Bangladesh are suffering from malnutrition. Yet Science and Technology there is a serious shortage of animal protein in our diet and the daily per capita consumption is University, Dinajpur. very low. While in 1962-63 the per capita fish consumption was 33 g, the present per capita Bangladesh. annual fish consumption is only about 18.94 kg, annual fish demand 20.44 kg. In our country B. M. Newaz Sharif about 60% of animal protein comes from fish and it contributes 4.43% in G.D.P (DoF, 2012) Department of Aquaculture, [10]. The principal causes for this low per capita consumption are the rapid growth of Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh population compounded with a gradual decline in fish production resulting from the Agricultural University, deterioration of fish habitat due unplanned construction of flood control dikes and roads, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh. indiscriminate use of insecticides, improper withdrawal of water for irrigation purpose, overfishing and lack of proper management techniques and other unknown reasons (Azimuddin, 1998) [3]. Bangladesh has about 260 fresh water native fish species, 13 exotic fish species, and 24 species of freshwater prawn. In marine zone there are 475 fish species and 36 shrimp. These varieties of species playing an important role to develop in our socio-economic conditions and fulfill the nutritional demand. Among the exotic species the Thai Pangus (Pangasius hypophthalmus) is the one of the potential species due to its easy culture system and good production result. It has been proved that the weather of Bangladesh is suitable for pangus culture (Sarkar, 2000) [31]. It is known that native pangus (P. pangasius) cultured was Correspondence started in pond condition in 1945 in Khulna region of Bangladesh. Lack of proper culture Abdulla-Al-Asif management it was not successes and not so popular to the local people. Although it has been Department of Aquaculture, taken to necessary steps for native pangus (P. pangasius) culture water condition in 1987 at Faculty of Fisheries, Chandpur but it has not been successes (Sarkar, 2000) [31]. After the failure of native pangus Bangladesh Agricultural University, culture government of Bangladesh firstly imported 0.18 g weighted 100 numbers fry of Thai Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh. pangus (P. hypophthalmus) from Thailand at 1990 and reared in our country. Then Bangladesh ~ 423 ~ International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies Fisheries Research Institute (BFRI) produced Thai pangus fry subsistence or as commercial enterprises. through artificial breeding at 1993 (Sarkar, 2000) [31]. The fish While developing and transferring technologies, it is important farmers all over the country are now too much interested to to understand the farmers resources while should be better culture Thai pangus due to availability of fry. High density, utilized for minimizing input costs and optimizing returns. semi-intensive and intensive in ponds have established and are Technologies often developed for increased fish production, very popular in Bangladesh. Such culture can produce at a rate have proved technically feasible and economically viable in on of as high as 25-30 tons /ha/year with protein rich diets (BFRI, station research trails, but failed when taken to farmers for 1999) [4]. Thus, it can be expected that there is a great scope their adoption. The reason for the failure are that research for increasing fish production in inland water and it could be support for developing technologies have not taken into made a profitable industry like Japan, Cambodia, Philippines, consideration that fields and farmers condition that fit to Malaysia, USA and UK. But unfortunately, it was not yet farmers resources. The present study was conducted in cultured extensively to meet the protein requirement and to Jhikargacha Upazila of Jessore district, 25 km from the Jessore remove poverty. This is due to the non-availability of fry, Science and Technology University campus. In view of the proper management, selection of low cost artificial diets and above, the present study has been revealed to know the detail socio-economic constraints. Bangladesh has water resources culture management of Pangus cost-benefit ratio, basic socio- with 0.5 million ha of perennial and 2.3 million ha of seasonal economic conditions of the pangus farmers in Jhikargacha inland waters, in addition to a costal line of 480 km. There are Upazila, Jessore, Bangladesh. approximately 1.3 million fresh water ponds covering the total area of 1.5 million ha out of nearly 46% are under culture,30% 2. Materials and Methods cultivable and 25% are derelict (FRSS,1986) [13]. At present Study area and period fish productions from these ponds are low being 700-800 The present study was conducted in Jhikargacha sub-district of kg/ha/year (Chisty, 1997) [7]. Pond fishery is an important Jessore district for a period of six months from July 2012 to component of Bangladesh fisheries. At the national level, 46% December 2012. Pangus farmers from the 10 unions of of the ponds are in culture condition (FRSS, 1986) [13]. Most Jhikargacha sub-district were studied. The study area is located farmers in rural areas have access to water bodies such as between 23012’to 22056’ north latitude and 88058’ to 89008’ ponds, ditches, canals etc. Farmers can effectively utilize these east longitude. water these water areas for fish culture either for their Fig 1: Map of the study area. Field survey and selection of farmers and pre-tested under field situation. Necessary modifications Weekly field survey was carried out between July 2012 and of the questionnaire were made after this pre-testing. This final December 2012 to collect the necessary information. Random version of questionnaire was used to collect data. However, all selection method was employed to select fish farmers in order the data were cross-checked for ensuring the accuracy of data to avoid any biasness in selection of the pangus farmers. collected from the respondents. Interviews Focus Group Discussion (FGDs) Questionnaire. The questionnaire was purposively developed The FGDs were conducted to identify the problems and to Interviews of the pangus farmers were taken with a prepared collect farmer’s recommendation regarding the problems ~ 424 ~ International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies identified. FGD is a very effective method for collecting large numbers of necessary information of interest within a short period of time. Photography Necessary relevant photographs were taken using digital camera. Necessary image editing was made by software Adobe Photoshop 8.00. However, editing was employed to such a level that did not affect or change the original subject or theme of the photos. Collection of secondary data Secondary data relevant to the present study were collected from various sources such as scientific journal articles, text Fig 3: Secondary occupation of the respondents books and others. Experience in fish culture Statistical analysis All the respondents were experienced in fish culture. The Collected data were tabulated and subjected to descriptive mean experience was found 9.48±3.12 years with the analysis by Microsoft Office Excel 2007 and Statistical minimum and maximum experience of 5 and 24 years Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 15.00.