H U M A N PROTECTING SCHOOLS FROM R I G H T S MILITARY USE WATCH Laws, Policies, and Military Doctrine Protecting Schools from Military Use Law, Policy, and Military Doctrine Copyright © 2017 Human Rights Watch All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America ISBN: 978-1-6231-34525 Cover design by Rafael Jimenez Human Rights Watch defends the rights of people worldwide. We scrupulously investigate abuses, expose the facts widely, and pressure those with power to respect rights and secure justice. Human Rights Watch is an independent, international organization that works as part of a vibrant movement to uphold human dignity and advance the cause of human rights for all. Human Rights Watch is an international organization with staff in more than 40 countries, and offices in Amsterdam, Beirut, Berlin, Brussels, Chicago, Geneva, Goma, Johannesburg, London, Los Angeles, Moscow, Nairobi, New York, Paris, San Francisco, Sydney, Tokyo, Toronto, Tunis, Washington DC, and Zurich. For more information, please visit our website: http://www.hrw.org March 2017 ISBN: 978-1-6231-34525 Protecting Schools from Military Use Law, Policy, and Military Doctrine Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 1 Recommendations .............................................................................................................. 6 I. International ................................................................................................................... 7 African Union ............................................................................................................................ 7 Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) ..................................................................... 9 Commission of Inquiry on Syria ................................................................................................ 9 Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights ................................................................ 10 Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women ............................................. 11 Committee on the Rights of the Child ...................................................................................... 12 Convention on the Rights of the Child ..................................................................................... 17 Council of Europe ................................................................................................................... 18 European Union ...................................................................................................................... 19 Geneva Conventions ............................................................................................................... 19 Inter-American Framework ...................................................................................................... 21 International Committee of the Red Cross ............................................................................... 22 International Covenant on Economic, Cultural and Social Rights ............................................. 23 International Red Cross and Red Crescent ............................................................................... 24 League of Arab States ............................................................................................................. 24 Non-State Armed Groups ........................................................................................................ 24 Safe Schools Declaration ........................................................................................................ 25 Special Rapporteur on the Right to Education ......................................................................... 29 Treaty on the Protection of Artistic and Scientific Institutions and Historic Monuments (Roerich Pact) ...................................................................................................................................... 31 United Nations Department of Peacekeeping Operations ........................................................ 32 United Nations General Assembly ........................................................................................... 32 United Nations Security Council .............................................................................................. 34 II. Domestic ...................................................................................................................... 36 Afghanistan ............................................................................................................................ 36 Argentina ............................................................................................................................... 36 Bangladesh ............................................................................................................................ 37 Burma .................................................................................................................................... 38 Canada ................................................................................................................................... 39 Central African Republic ........................................................................................................ 40 Chile ...................................................................................................................................... 41 Colombia ................................................................................................................................ 42 Democratic Republic of Congo ................................................................................................ 58 Denmark ................................................................................................................................ 58 Ecuador .................................................................................................................................. 59 Greece .................................................................................................................................... 59 India ..................................................................................................................................... 60 Israel ..................................................................................................................................... 66 Italy ....................................................................................................................................... 68 Lebanon ................................................................................................................................ 69 Luxembourg .......................................................................................................................... 69 Malaysia ................................................................................................................................ 70 Nepal ..................................................................................................................................... 70 New Zealand .......................................................................................................................... 72 Nicaragua ............................................................................................................................... 74 Nigeria ................................................................................................................................... 74 Norway ................................................................................................................................... 75 Pakistan ................................................................................................................................. 76 Peru ....................................................................................................................................... 76 Philippines ............................................................................................................................. 78 Poland ................................................................................................................................... 81 Singapore ............................................................................................................................... 81 Slovenia ................................................................................................................................ 82 South Sudan ......................................................................................................................... 82 Sri Lanka ............................................................................................................................... 88 Sudan ................................................................................................................................... 89 Switzerland ........................................................................................................................... 90 Syria ...................................................................................................................................... 90 Turkey .................................................................................................................................... 91 Ukraine .................................................................................................................................