72 Frequently Asked Questions about Participatory Budgeting URBAN GOVERNANCE TOOLKIT SERIES 72 Frequently Asked Questions about Participatory Budgeting 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 5 GLOBAL CAMPAIGN ON URBAN GOVERNANCE 72 Frequently Asked Questions about Participatory Budgeting 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 5 GLOBAL CAMPAIGN ON URBAN GOVERNANCE 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 I. Institutional Credits This document has been produced under the aegis of UN- HABITAT’s Global Campaign on Urban Governance. Copyright © UN-HABITAT (United Nations Human Settlements Programme) Supervised by © Cover photo. Municipality of Caxias do Sul • Paul Taylor, Chief, Urban Development Branch, UN-HABITAT All rights reserved. Printed in Quito, July 2004 • Mohamed Halfani, Head, Urban Governance Section, UN-HABITAT Graphic Design: Amira Pérez A. Co-ordinators Printed by: AH Editorial • Jaime Vasconez, Regional Co-ordinator, Urban Management Programme - Regional Office for Latin America and the Caribbean, UN-HABITAT, P.O. Box 30030, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya. UN-HABITAT UMP-LAC, García Moreno 751 entre Sucre y Bolívar, P.O. 17-01- • Raf Tuts, Human Settlements Officer, UN-HABITAT 2505, Quito - Ecuador Principal Author • Yves Cabannes, Urbanist, Regional Co-ordinator of the UN-HABITAT encourages reproduction of this material. However, no Urban Management Programme - Latin America and the Caribbean, part of this publication may be used or reproduced in any manner what- UN-HABITAT 1997 - 2003 soever without written permission except in the case of brief quotations Editing and Review Committee embodied in critical articles, reviews, or special studies. The designa- • Jaime Vasconez, UMP-LAC Co-ordinator - Quito tions employed and the presentation of the material in this publication • Ivone de Souza, United Nations Volunteer Programme - UNV, Urban do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever of the Development Specialist Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any • Alvaro Muriel, Knowledge Management Co-ordinator, IPES/UMP-LAC country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning delim- • Alejandro Luevano, Co-ordinator of the Local Development and itation of its frontiers or boundaries, or regarding its economic system Management Programme, COPEVI, Mexico or degree of development. The analysis, conclusions and recommen- • Pedro Pontual, Co-ordinator of the Polis Institute’s Citizenship dations of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of UN- School -São Paulo and President of CEAAL. São Paulo HABITAT, the Governing Council of UN-HABITAT or its Member States. • Augusto Barrera, Guest editor of the Era Urbana special issue on PB • Yves Sintomer, Researcher, Centre for Urban Culture and Society - CNRS - Paris, and the Marc Bloch Centre - Berlin Urban Governance Toolkit Series ISBN: 92-1-131699-5 Administrative and Technical Assistance HS/722/04E • Lourdes Saavedra, Alejandro Chiriboga, Monica Rhon, Yohani Ruiz - UMP, Quito Translation • Richard Huber, UNV/UMP-LAC 4 GLOBAL CAMPAIGN ON URBAN GOVERNANCE UNDP • UN-HABITAT • URBAN MANAGEMENT PROGRAMME 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 I. Institutional Credits This document has been produced under the aegis of UN- HABITAT’s Global Campaign on Urban Governance. Copyright © UN-HABITAT (United Nations Human Settlements Programme) Supervised by © Cover photo. Municipality of Caxias do Sul • Paul Taylor, Chief, Urban Development Branch, UN-HABITAT All rights reserved. Printed in Quito, July 2004 • Mohamed Halfani, Head, Urban Governance Section, UN-HABITAT Graphic Design: Amira Pérez A. Co-ordinators Printed by: AH Editorial • Jaime Vasconez, Regional Co-ordinator, Urban Management Programme - Regional Office for Latin America and the Caribbean, UN-HABITAT, P.O. Box 30030, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya. UN-HABITAT UMP-LAC, García Moreno 751 entre Sucre y Bolívar, P.O. 17-01- • Raf Tuts, Human Settlements Officer, UN-HABITAT 2505, Quito - Ecuador Principal Author • Yves Cabannes, Urbanist, Regional Co-ordinator of the UN-HABITAT encourages reproduction of this material. However, no Urban Management Programme - Latin America and the Caribbean, part of this publication may be used or reproduced in any manner what- UN-HABITAT 1997 - 2003 soever without written permission except in the case of brief quotations Editing and Review Committee embodied in critical articles, reviews, or special studies. The designa- • Jaime Vasconez, UMP-LAC Co-ordinator - Quito tions employed and the presentation of the material in this publication • Ivone de Souza, United Nations Volunteer Programme - UNV, Urban do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever of the Development Specialist Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any • Alvaro Muriel, Knowledge Management Co-ordinator, IPES/UMP-LAC country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning delim- • Alejandro Luevano, Co-ordinator of the Local Development and itation of its frontiers or boundaries, or regarding its economic system Management Programme, COPEVI, Mexico or degree of development. The analysis, conclusions and recommen- • Pedro Pontual, Co-ordinator of the Polis Institute’s Citizenship dations of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of UN- School -São Paulo and President of CEAAL. São Paulo HABITAT, the Governing Council of UN-HABITAT or its Member States. • Augusto Barrera, Guest editor of the Era Urbana special issue on PB • Yves Sintomer, Researcher, Centre for Urban Culture and Society - CNRS - Paris, and the Marc Bloch Centre - Berlin Urban Governance Toolkit Series ISBN: 92-1-131699-5 Administrative and Technical Assistance HS/722/04E • Lourdes Saavedra, Alejandro Chiriboga, Monica Rhon, Yohani Ruiz - UMP, Quito Translation • Richard Huber, UNV/UMP-LAC 4 GLOBAL CAMPAIGN ON URBAN GOVERNANCE UNDP • UN-HABITAT • URBAN MANAGEMENT PROGRAMME 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 II. Acknowledgements III. Table of Contents Institutional Credits .........................................................................05 Acknowledgements .......................................................................06 List of Boxes ...................................................................................11 Foreword .........................................................................................12 About the Manual ............................................................................15 I. General Questions 1. What is Participatory Budgeting (PB)? ........................................20 2. When did Participatory Budgeting start? .....................................20 3. How have the PB experiences been expanded? .........................20 4. How many cities have PB experience at this time? ....................21 5. Where has Participatory Budgeting taken place? ......................21 6. In what types of cities are Participatory Budgets implemented? ..21 7. Is PB only implemented at the municipal level? .........................22 8. Are there regional differences in the form of implementation of the Participatory Budget? ..................................................................22 9. What are the benefits of the PB for the city and its citizens .......23 10. What are the benefits of the PBfor local public administration? ..25 11. Who benefits from the Participatory Budget? ............................25 12. What are the dimensions of the Participatory Budget? ..............25 13. Where can one find more information about the PB? ..............27 To the Urban Management Programme team in Quito. II. Initiation and implementation of a Participatory Budget To the city of Porto Alegre, which contributed the documentation of the 14. Can any municipality implement a Participatory Budget? ........30 illustrative cases through Urb-Al Network #9 (Local Finances and 15. What are the basic conditions necessary to implement a Participatory Budgeting). Participatory Budget in a municipality? .......................................30 16. In what conditions is it not advisable to undertake a PB? ..........31 Special thanks to the Editing and Review Committee of this document. 17. What are the basic principles of the Participatory Budget? .......32 Their observations and contributions were invaluable in terms of sub- 18. How is a Participatory Budget put into practice? ........................33 stance as well as form. 19. What are the principal stages of a Participatory Budget? .........35 6 GLOBAL CAMPAIGN ON URBAN GOVERNANCE UNDP • UN-HABITAT • URBAN MANAGEMENT PROGRAMME 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 II. Acknowledgements III. Table of Contents Institutional Credits .........................................................................05 Acknowledgements .......................................................................06 List of Boxes ...................................................................................11 Foreword .........................................................................................12 About the Manual ............................................................................15 I. General Questions 1. What is Participatory Budgeting (PB)? ........................................20 2. When did Participatory Budgeting start? .....................................20 3.