Vol.7,No.2 December 2016 Patron Prof. Dr. Muhammad Ali (T.I.) Vice Chancellor, Government College University Faisalabad Editor Dr. Ghulam Murtaza Co-Editors Dr. Ali Usman Saleem Dr. Abdul Qadir Mushtaq Advisory Editorial Board Prof. Dr. Holbrook Mahn, Department of Language, Literacy and Sociocultural Studies (LLSS), University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NMN, USA Dr. Adele M. Barker, Assistant Professor of Russian/Slavic Studies, University of Arizona, America Prof. Dr. Saiqa Imtiaz Asif, Chairperson, Department of English, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan Dr. Shaheena Ayub Bhatti, Associate Professor, HoD Research and Publication Cell, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad Prof. Dr. Nicholas J. Cull, Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA Prof. Dr Kim Youen, Hanyang University, Korea Dr. Pippa Virdee, Lecturer in History, Demount ford, England Dr. Virinder S. Kalra, PhD, University of Manchester, Visiting Associate Professor, LUMS, Lahore, Senior Lecturer Manchester University, Lecturer (B), Leicester University Dr. Ishtiaq Ahmad, Prof. Emeritus, Stockholm University, Sweden Prof. Dr. Susan Buck-Morrs, Government Cornell University, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden Prof. Dr. Sikandar Hayat, Directing Staff at the National Management College (formerly Pakistan Administrative Staff College), Lahore The Journal of Social Sciences is published annually by Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan. All correspondence should be addressed to the Editor, Journal of Social Sciences, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road, 38000-Faisalabad, Pakistan. ISSN: 1812-0687 Subscriptions: Pakistan: Annual Rs. 300 Foreign: Annual US $ 20 All rights reserved Copyright © 2016 by the Journal of Social Sciences Printed by: Misaal Publishers, Fsd. 041-2615359, 2613841, [email protected] CONTENTS EFFECT OF DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES ON SAVING AND SPENDING 1 HABITS OF YOUTH: A CASE STUDY OF PAKISTAN Dr. Muhammad Rizwan Yaseen, Nabeela Kousar, Friha Adrees A CRITIAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF HUGO CHAVES’ COUNTER 24 DISCOURSE TO UN: A STUDY OF HEGEMONY AND WORLD PEACE Dr. Shaista Zeb HISTORICAL ANALYSIS OF THE TRAINING STRUCTURES IN THE 47 INSTITUTION OF POLICE IN PAKISTAN 1947-2002 Zaigham Sarfraz, Asma Naureen BURNT SHADOWS: A NARRATIVE OF TROUBLED (HI)STORIES 62 Dr. Ali Usman Saleem, Ammara Amin DETERMINANTS OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT: EMPIRICAL 76 EVIDENCE FROM SOUTH ASIAN COUNTRIES Muhammad Sajid, Dr. Nadeem Sohail, Adnan Manzoor, Rizwan Mushtaq STYLE VARIATION AMONG THE SUB-GENRES OF PAKISTANI FICTION IN 89 ENGLISH: A MULTIDIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS Dr. Sajid Ali, Dr. Muhammad Aleem Shakir PARLIAMENTARY LEGISLATION IN DEVELOPING POLITICAL SYSTEMS 115 ANALYSIS OF STANDING COMMITTEES OF NATIONAL ASSEMBLY OF PAKISTAN Dr. Mughees Ahmed, Sidra Akram EVOLUTION OF WOMEN’S MOVEMENT IN PAKISTAN: PAST, PRESENT 129 AND WAY FORWARD Dr. Abdul Qadir Mushtaq, Umer Yaqoob, Muhammad Usman Javid FEMININITY AND ITS SOCIO-DISCURSIVE CONSTRUCTION: AN 141 ANALYTICAL STUDY OF ANITA SHREVE’S ALL HE EVER WANTED Dr. Abdul Waheed Qureshi SOCIAL ACCEPTANCE OF HONOR KILLING: A SOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS 161 OF PANCHAYAT• IN RURAL PUNJAB, PAKISTAN Dr. Muhammad Shabbir Ch. ‘POSTCOLONIAL SUBALTERNIZATION’ OF CHAMAARS AND ‘DALIT 172 CHETNA’ IN SUNJEEV SAHOTA’S THE YEAR OF THE RUNAWAYS Aamer Shaheen, Sadia Qamar, Kamran Shaheen APOCALYPTIC VISION OF FAIZ IN THE AGE OF CORPORATE GLOBALISATION 189 Dr. Ghulam Murtaza, Dr. Mazhar Hayat CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF DON DeLILLO’S FALLING MAN IN 206 THE POST-9/11 SITUATION OF THE WORLD Dr. Uzma Imtiaz, Dr. Shaheena Ayub Bhatti USAGE OF SOCIAL NETWORKING SITES BY UNIVERSITY STUDENTS OF 221 PAKISTAN Dr. Waris Ali SHAKESPEARE’S CALIBAN: A PROTOTYPE-COLONIZED AND CALIBAN 232 PARADIGM Dr. Muhammad Asif EFFECTS OF SMART PHONES ON GENDER: UNDERSTANDING THE USES 252 AND GRATIFICATION ON STUDENTS Dr. Salma Umber, Khalid Sultan, Dr. Rana Muhammad Amir, Rabia Nawaz, Mudassar Mehmood SOCIAL UNREST, VIOLENCE AND CONFLICT: A CASE STUDY OF YOUTH 268 BULGE IN PUNJAB, PAKISTAN Dr. Muhammad Farooq, Muhammad Idrees, Dr. Haq Nawaz Anwar LEADERSHIP CHALLENGES FACED BY UNIVERSITIES IN PAKISTAN: A 279 COMPARATIVE STUDY OF PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR UNIVERSITIES Nishat Riaz, Humaira Mujeeb BOOK REVIEW A THOUGHT NEVER DIES 293 Syed Afsar Sajid Contributions Journal of Social Sciences is an academic refereed biannual Journal that seeks to foster original research in the fields of Social Sciences including Anthropology, Communication Studies, Economics, Education, Globalization, History, International Relations, Linguistics, Literature, Mass Communication, Political Science, Political Theory, Psychology, Social Theory, Gender Studies and Urban Studies. It invites contributions from scholars and experts to encourage healthy debate in wide ranging areas of Social Sciences. Authors should submit double spaced manuscripts in duplicate. All notes and references should be placed at the end of the manuscripts, not at the bottom of the page and should contain complete bibliographic information in line with the Publication Manual of American Psychological Association (Sixth Edition). A separate page should bear an abstract of 150-200 words. Journal of Social Sciences also welcomes comments, book reviews and review articles. All the articles should also be sent via e-mail as an attached Microsoft Word document, along with contributor’s short biographical sketch. The Editor is responsible for the selection and acceptance of an article but responsibility for the views expressed and for the accuracy of data/statements, contained in articles, squarely lies with their authors. The Journal will not consider manuscripts submitted simultaneously to other Journals. Books and monographs for review should be sent to the Editor, Government College University, Faisalabad. Telephone: (92)-041-9200670 Fax: (92)-041-9200671 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.gcuf.edu.pk EFFECT OF DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES ON SAVING AND SPENDING HABITS OF YOUTH: A CASE STUDY OF PAKISTAN 1 2 3 Dr. Muhammad Rizwan Yaseen, Nabeela Kousar, Friha Adrees Abstract Over 207 students in Pakistan responded to a questionnaire on their sources of personal income (pocket money/allowance, part-time job, gifts) as well as how much they had saved, where and for what purpose it was saved. Some attention was paid to their own bank accounts too. The participants also responded to various attitude statements about money and the economic situation in general. Results showed numerous gender but few class differences. Males received more pocket money and presents than the females indicating particular cultural patterns regarding gender considerations. Over 27% of the students claimed their parents would not give them extra money if they had spent it all. Regression analysis showed that the best predictors of regularity of saving, as well as the proportion of money saved and spent were the more money received. The results are discussed in terms of the limited empirical literature on children's pocket money allowances, particularly with respect to demographic differences. Key Words: Gender difference, savings, spending, socio-economic differences, youth Introduction As the economies are being modernized and consumers are facilitated more and more to get access to their desired commodities, the spending and saving patterns have changed accordingly. People in general and the youth in particular is the focus of the manufacturing sector to make their target market. A vast variety in the form of brands and marks is available to them and they are attracted with the catchy advertisements. The savings are also important for the students as they do not have a stable career in their hand. Several surveys and studies are conducted all over the world to check the saving and spending habits of modern students. Some indicate the students of recent age are spendthrift while others negate the assumption. In the recent last decades, the studies revealed that the students or young people value savings and consider this habit the most valuable in their social life. Sonuga-Barke and Webley (1993) found that children recognise that saving is an efficient form of money management. Children realize that putting money in the bank can form 1 Assistant Prof. Department of Economics, GC University Faisalabad 2Lecturer, Department of Economics, GC University Faisalabad 3Lecturer, Department of Economics, GC University Faisaalabad 2 Journal of Social Sciences both protective and productive functions. Saving was seen in their studies and understood as a legitimate and valuable behaviour, not an economic function. However, the variation depending on the demographic and social features of the students pertaining to their saving and spending habits was also analysed. Furnham and Thomas (1984) found little evidence of sex or class differences in a fifteen item pocket money questionnaire, but, as may be expected, numerous age differences. Social class differences probably remain important but class is difficult to measure accurately and working class children often difficult to test. Older children received more money, saved more, and were more likely to go shopping than younger children. The youth of today is predicted to be more consumption-oriented (Kamath, 2006). The study showed that Indian youth has increased their purchase of ready- made apparel up to 75% in the last 3 to 4 years. According to NSSO survey, the youth is spending more on trendy clothes, mobiles