Environment Assessment and Environment Management Framework for the National Public Disclosure Authorized Rural Livelihood Project (NRLP) Public Disclosure Authorized Final Report Public Disclosure Authorized February, 2011 Document of the Government of India Public Disclosure Authorized Environment Assessment and Environment Management Framework for the NRLP / February 2011 ii Environment Assessment and Environment Management Framework for the NRLP / February 2011 Contents Abbreviations and Acronyms .................................................................................... vii Executive Summary ................................................................................................... 1 1. Introduction .................................................................................................................. 7 1.1 Project Objective ............................................................................................................ 7 1.2 Project Description ......................................................................................................... 7 1.3 Project Location ............................................................................................................. 9 1.3.1 Environment Assessment Study .......................................................................... 9 1.4 Structure of the Report ................................................................................................. 10 2. Environmental Baseline at National and State Levels ............................................ 11 2.1 Administrative Divisions ............................................................................................. 11 2.2 Population ................................................................................................................... 12 2.3 Agro-climatic zones ..................................................................................................... 14 2.4 Land Use ...................................................................................................................... 23 2.5 Land Degradation ......................................................................................................... 24 2.6 Water resources ............................................................................................................ 28 2.6.1 Rainfall and Drought ........................................................................................... 28 2.6.2 Surface water ....................................................................................................... 29 2.6.3 Groundwater ........................................................................................................ 31 2.6.4 Water quality ....................................................................................................... 33 2.7 Agriculture ................................................................................................................... 34 2.8 Livestock and Fisheries ................................................................................................ 40 2.8.1 Livestock ............................................................................................................. 40 2.8.2 Fisheries .............................................................................................................. 43 2.9 Energy .......................................................................................................................... 43 2.10 Forests .......................................................................................................................... 44 3. Legal and Regulatory Framework for Environmental Management ................... 48 4. Environmental Management Framework .............................................................. 62 4.1 Rationale and Objectives ............................................................................................. 62 4.2 Process of Development of the EMF .......................................................................... 62 4.3 Learnings from Bank Supported Livelihood Projects .................................................. 62 4.4 Scope of Application of EMF ...................................................................................... 63 4.5 Components.................................................................................................................. 64 4.5.1 Development of State Environment Action Plans and Locally Relevant EMPs . 64 4.5.2 EMPS by SHG Federations ................................................................................. 66 4.5.3 Environmental Management Toolkit .................................................................. 70 4.5.4 Promotion of Green Opportunities (environment-friendly livelihood activities) .......................................................................... 70 4.5.5 Climate Change Management ............................................................................ 71 4.5.6 Institutional Arrangements .................................................................................. 72 4.5.7 Capacity Building ................................................................................................ 76 4.5.8 Monitoring........................................................................................................... 77 4.5.9 Implementation Roll-out Strategy ....................................................................... 81 4.6 Budget .......................................................................................................................... 84 iii Environment Assessment and Environment Management Framework for the NRLP / February 2011 5. Green Opportunities for Proactive Interventions for Ensuring Sustainability of Livelihoods .............................................................................................................. 85 5.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................. 85 5.2 Methodology ................................................................................................................ 85 5.3 Integrating Green Opportunities into NRLP ................................................................ 87 5.3.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................... 87 5.3.2 Thematic Area 1 – Agriculture ............................................................................ 87 5.3.3 Thematic Area 2 – Animal Husbandry ............................................................... 88 5.3.4 Thematic Area 3 – Renewable Energy ................................................................ 88 5.4 Phasing the Way Forward ............................................................................................ 89 5.4.1 Pathways to mainstream Green Opportunities .................................................... 90 5.4.2 Integrating EMP and Green Opportunities .......................................................... 91 5.4.3 Source of Green Opportunities ............................................................................ 93 Tables Table 2.1: Administrative Divisions in Project States ........................................................... 11 Table 2.2: Population Profile of States in Project Area (2001) .............................................. 12 Table 2.3: Agro-climatic Zones in the Project Area .............................................................. 14 Table 2.4: Agro-ecological Zones in the Project Area ........................................................... 15 Table 2.5: Land Use in Project States (2006-2007) (area in thousand hectares) ................... 23 Table 2.6: Wastelands in Project States (2010) ..................................................................... 25 Table 2.7: Water bodies ......................................................................................................... 30 Table 2.8: Groundwater Development in Project States (2004) ............................................ 31 Table 2.9: Net Irrigated Area and Sources of Irrigation in Project States (2008-2009) (thousand hectares) ........................................................................................... 37 Table 2.10: Livestock Population in Project States (2003) (thousands) ................................ 41 Table 2.11: Fish production in the Project States (2003-04) ................................................. 43 Table 2.12: Protected Areas in Project States ........................................................................ 46 Table 2.13: Forest Cover in Tribal Districts in the Project Area ........................................... 47 Table 3.1: Government Acts, Rules and Regulations for Environmental Management ........ 48 Table 4.1: Application of EMF to the NRLP components..................................................... 64 Table 4.2: Support for implementation of actions identified in EMP .................................... 67 Table 4.3: Mapping of the EMF interventions with the institution building and micro-credit/livelihood interventions ..................................................................................... 69 Table 4.4: Institutional arrangements in Project structure ..................................................... 73 Table 4.5: Institutional arrangements in community institutions ........................................... 74 Table 4.6: