click for previous page CLUP Nem 1 1974 FAO SPECIES IDENTIFICATION SHEETS FISHING AREAS 57,71 FAMILY: CLUPEIDAE (E Ind. Ocean) (W Cent. Pacific) Nematalosa nasus (Bloch, 1795) SYNONYMS STILL IN USE: Dorosoma nasus: Weber & de Beaufort, 1913 VERNACULAR NAMES: FAO: En - Bloch's gizzard-shad Fr - Sp - NATIONAL: DISTINCTIVE CHARACTERS: Body oval, deep, its depth 2.3 to 2.6 times in standard length; belly rounded with scutes. Dorsal fin origin a little before midpoint of body, Last dorsal ray filamentous; anal fin fairly short (18 to 22 rays) and lying behind dorsal fin base; pelvic fins below anterior part of dorsal fin base. Gill rakers numerous (more than 200 on lower part of gill arch), their length less than half of cor- responding gill filaments on anterior arch. Mouth inferior, Lower jaw flared laterally. 3rd infra- orbital Large, its anterior border rising almost vertically from lower jaw articulation. Paired pre- dorsal scales overlapping in midline. Colour: blue/brown on back, flanks silvery, dark patch on shoulder. DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERS OF SIMILAR SPECIES OCCURRING IN 'DIE AREA: All other Nematalosa species: 3rd infraorbital little expanded, its lower border oblique or hori- zontal, not reaching to lower jaw articulation and leaving exposed a triangular or trapezoidal space (3rd infraorbital greatly expanded and rising almost vertically from above lower jaw articu- 3rd lation in N. nasus). infraorbital bone N. nasus N. come Clupanodon, Konosirus species: gill rakers of 1st arch at least 3/4 the length of corresponding gill fila- ments (gill rakers 1/2 or less the length of corresponding filaments in Nematalosa species); also lower jaw not strongly flared laterally when viewed from below (strongly flared in Nematalosa). Anodontostoma species: last dorsal ray normal (a long filament in Nematalosa species). All other clupeid species: mouth more or less Nematalosa Clupanodon terminal (distinctive mouth in Nematalosa species) underside of head and last dorsal ray normal (filamentous in Nematalosa). SIZE: Maximum: 23 cm; common: 13 to 14 cm. Nematalosa Hilsa GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION AND BEHAVIOUR: Throughout most of northern part of area; northward to Hong Kong. Inhabits coastal waters; pelagic. Feeds on detritus. PRESENT FISHING GROUNDS: Caught throughout its range. CATCHES, MAIN FISHING GEAR AND PRINCIPAL FORMS OF UTILIZATION: Separate statistics are not reported for this species. Caught mainly with set nets and purse seines. Marketed fresh, dried, dried-salted, boiled or made into fish balls. CLUP Opis 1 1974 FAO SPECIES IDENTIFICATION SHEETS FAMILY: CLUPEIDAE FISHING AREAS 57,71 (E Ind. Ocean) (W Cent. Pacific) Opisthopterus tardoore (Cuvier, 1829) SYNONYMS STILL IN USE: Opisthopterus indicus (Swainson, 1839) Opisthopterus tartoor (Valenciennes, 1847) Opisthopterus macrognathos Bleeker, 1866 VERNACULAR NAMES: FAO: En - Tardoore Fr - Sp - NATIONAL: DISTINCTIVE CHARACTERS: Body elongate and strongly compressed, its depth 3.0 to 3.5 times in standard length; belly with strongly keeled scutes (total about 30). Top of head concave, mouth directed upward. Dorsal fin short, its origin much behind midpoint of body; pelvic fins absent; anal fin very long (total 57 to 60 rays), its origin well before dorsal fin origin; pectoral fin longer than head. Lower jaw very prominent. Colour: back blue/green, flanks silvery. DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERS OF SIMILAR SPECIES OCCURRING IN THE AREA: Opisthopterus valenciennesi: pectoral fin shorter than head (longer than head in O. tardoore). Ilisha, Pellona species: pelvic fins present (absent in Opisthopterus). Raeonda species: pelvic and dorsal fins absent. SIZE: Maximum: 22 cm; common: 18 to 20 cm. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION AND BEHAVIOUR: Coasts of India to New Guinea, and possibly north to Hong Kong. Inhabits coastal waters; pelagic; probably not abundant. PRESENT FISHING GROUNDS: Caught throughout its range. CATCHES, MAIN FISHING GEAR AND PRINCIPAL FORMS OF UTILIZATION: Separate statistics are not reported for this species. Caught with lift nets, gill nets and set nets. Marketed fresh, dried, dried-salted, boiled or made into fish balls or fish meal. CLUP Pell 1 1974 FAO SPECIES IDENTIFICATION SHEETS FAMILY: CLUPEIDAE FISHING AREAS 57,71 (E Ind. Ocean) (W Cent. Pacific) Pellona ditchela Valenciennes, 1847 SYNONYMS STILL IN USE: Pellona hoeveni Bleeker, 1852 VERNACULAR NAMES: FAO: En - Indian pellona Fr - Sp - NATIONAL: DISTINCTIVE CHARACTERS: Body fairly deep and compressed, its depth about 2.8 times in standard length; belly with strongly keeled scutes (pre-pelvic scutes 19). Dorsal fin base short, its origin at about midpoint of body; pelvic fins before dorsal fin origin; anal fin fairly Long (36 rays), its origin a little behind dorsal fin base. Head large, its length about 3.5 times in standard length; eye large, about 3 times in head; lower jaw very prominent; toothed hypomaxilla present in upper jaw. Colour: blue/brown on back, flanks silvery, fins hyaline. DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERS OF SIMILAR SPECIES OCCURRING IN THE AREA: Ilisha species: no toothed hypomaxilla in upper jaw (small toothed hypomaxilla can be felt with finger-nail in Pellona species). Opisthopterus species: anal fin much longer (50 to 70 rays; 30 to 40 in Pellona); pelvic fins absent. ligament toothed (no toothed hypomaxilla hypomaxilla) SIZE: Ilisha Pellona Maximum: 20 cm; common: about 14 cm. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION AND BEHAVIOUR: Throughout most of northern part of area to northern tip of Australia; also, westward to East Africa and northward to Taiwan. Inhabits coastal waters; pelagic. PRESENT FISHING GROUNDS: Caught throughout its range. CATCHES, MAIN FISHING GEAR AND PRINCIPAL FORMS OF UTILIZATION: Separate statistics for this species are reported by Malaysia only (1972: 1 300 tons). Caught mainly with purse seines and beach seines. Marketed fresh, dried, dried-salted, boiled, or made into fish meal or fish balls. Clup Sardl 3 1974 FAO SPECIES IDENTIFICATION SHEETS FAMILY: CLUPEIDAE FISHING AREAS 57,71 (E Ind. Ocean) (W Cent. Pacific) Sardinella longiceps Valenciennes, 1847 SYNONYMS STILL IN USE: None VERNACULAR NAMES: FAO: En - Indian oil-sardinella Fr - Sp - NATIONAL: DISTINCTIVE CHARACTERS: Body elongate, cylindrical; belly rounded, with scutes but without prominent keel. Dorsal fin origin nearer to snout than to caudal fin base; anal fin base short and well behind dorsal fin base; pelvic fins below middle of dorsal fin base. Head very long, about 3 times in standard length. Pelvic fin with 9 rays. Gill rakers fine and numerous, more than 130 on lower part of gill arch. Colour: blue/green on back, flanks silvery. DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERS OF SIMILAR SPECIES OCCURRING IN THE AREA: Sardinella aurita: head shorter (3.6 to 4.0 times in standard length; 2.9 to 3.5 times in S. longiceps); absent from Indian Ocean. All other Sardinella species: only 8 pelvic rays and less than 130 gill rakers on lower part of gill arch. Dussumieria Dussumieria acuta: no scutes along belly, 8 pelvic rays and characteristic mouth shape. SIZE: Maximum: 20, possibly 23 cm; common: about 10 to 15 cm. Sardinella GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION AND BEHAVIOUR: Coasts of India, North Borneo and Philippines (not recorded from Thailand, Malaysia, Cambodia, Vietnam and Australia); also, westward to East Africa. Inhabits coastal waters; pelagic; Very abundant off Indian coasts. Feeds on plankton, especially diatoms. For further information see FAD Species Synopsis CB/S 15. PRESENT FISHING GROUNDS: Caught throughout its range; important Indian fishery. CATCHES, MAIN FISHING GEAR AND PRINCIPAL FORMS OF UTILIZATION: The total reported catch in 1972 was: area 57 (Eastern Indian Ocean): 1 100 tons (Bangla Desh: 1 000 tons) area 71 (Western Central Pacific): 76 400 tons (Philippines only) Caught with beach seines, boat seines, drift nets, gill nets and purse seines. Marketed fresh, dried, dried-salted, boiled and made into fish meal and fish balls. CLUP Sardl 4 1974 FAD SPECIES IDENTIFICATION SHEETS FAMILY: CLUPEIDAE FISHING AREAS 57,71 (E Ind. Ocean) (W Cent. Pacific) Sardinella melanura (Cuvier, 1829) SYNONYiYMS STILL IN USE: Clupea (Harengula) melanura: Weber & de Beaufort, 1913 Harengula vittata (Valenciennes, 1847) Herklotsichthys vittatus (Valenciennes, 1847) Clupea (Harengula) atricauda (Günther, 1868) VERNACULAR NAMES: FAO: En - Blacktip sardinella Fr - Sp - NATIONAL: DISTINCTIVE CHARACTERS: Body fusifom, a little compressed; belly sharp with keeled scutes. Dorsal fin origin slightly before midpoint of body; anal fin base short and lying far behind dorsal fin base; pelvic fins below anterior half of dorsal fin. Lower gill rakers 45 to 68. Colour: back blue/green, flanks silvery. Tips of caudal fin black (never black in other species of Sardinella). DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERS OF SIMILAR SPECIES OCCURRING IN THE AREA: All other Sardinella species: no black caudal tips (at most dusky). Herklotsichthys species: lower portion of paddle-shaped 2nd supramaxilla longer than upper (about equal in Sardinella), and only 3 to 6 frontoparietal striae on top of head (7 to 14 striae in Sardinella). 2nd supramaxilla Herklotsichthys Sardinella SIZE: Maximum: 15 cm; common: 12 cm. Herklotsichthys Sardinella frontoparietal striae on top of head GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION AND BEHAVIOUR: Throughout most of northern part of area, including northern tip of Australia, northward to Taiwan; also, westward to East Africa. Inhabits coastal waters; pelagic. Feeds on small planktonic organisms. PRESENT FISHING GROUNDS: Caught throughout its range. CATCHES, MAIN FISHING