M/#\L/Ax 'I'z'F[L.-.[35..::*-.:»|!'-.E':--'|i';-1"'iI'=..lf.-..|'=|! I11:-.1 5f.'.i!.'.: Lim-l. c:-1' ]|i|.Il|.lI|.l., ,I'I.Lj=:|l;1L'1 SRI RAJMALA VOL.-I to IV . SRI RAJMALA VOL.-I to IV Translated by Dr. N. C. Nath Ox£66MMmc0UF“WAvEQ Q0 §,$¢_2_________m. __g_~_____ Tribal Research & Cultural Institute Government of Tripura SRI RAJMALA, VOL-I to IV Translated by Dr. N. C. Nath Published by : Tribal Research & Cultural Institute Government of Tripura © Tribal Research & Cultural Institute Government of Tripura First edition : March, 1999 Reprint : November, 2013 Reprin : February, 2020 Cover Design : Shaabdachitra, Agartala Type Settings : Shaabdachitra, Agartala Printed by : Kalika Press Pvt. Ltd., Kolkata ISBN : 978-93-86707-48-2 Price : R 200/- Prefatory At the outset a few words need be said about the Rajmala text and its composition. Maharaja Dharma-Manikya (C. 1431-1462 A. D.) of Tripura was the pioneer in the Tripura dynasty to commit to writing by competent hands the oral tradition of the history of the Tripura state, which is situated in between Assam and Bengal *. He entrusted the task to Durlabhendra Cantai, the High priest, and the Court-poets, Banesvar Deva Sarman ** and Sukresvar Deva Sarman, who composed the first volume. Subsequently, some other kings continued to patronize the task, so that the book has run into several volumes of various dates (15th-19th century) and assumed an encycl opaedic proportion. The name of this famous work is Sri Rajmala, according to K. P. Sen, though “Sri” does not occur in any colophon. This book presents its subject in six parts and has been composed in Bengali verse. Unfortunately the last two parts are lost in recent years. The first four parts (Kanda or Khanda) contain a very useful and extensive commentary of Kaliprasanna Sen, and their poet-authors are : * Erstwhile Bengal or Gauda, and modern Bangladesh. ** Or ‘Cakravarti’ as recorded in an old document (Vide RM – I, ed. K. P. Sen) All the six volumes are listed in the catalogue of the Govt. Museum Library, Agartala. So the two missing volumes must have been lost sometime after their entry into the catalogue. Durlabhendra Cantai, Banesvar, Sukresvar (for Vol. I), Rana- Catur Narayan (Vol. II), Gangadhar Siddhanta-Vagisa (Vol. III) and Durgamani Uzir (Vol. IV). I have the proud privilege and pleasure unbound to render into English the test portion of the first four parts of the Rajmala and tried to make the translation literal as far as possible. I am indebted to Principal (Retd.) Susanta Kumar Choudhuri for lending me the texts of this work, to Dr. Jagadis Gan Choudhuri for looking over the manuscript, and to the Directorate of Tribal Research Institute, Government of Tripura for very kindly publishing this first ever complete prose translation of the Rajmala, Vols. I-IV. Agartala Dr. Narendra Chandra Nath The 1st April, 1998 Transliteration Vowels x = a } = r xy = a }, = r •z = i ~ = e { = c ˙ = ai í˛z = u G = o | = u Å = au Consonants ܉˛ = k ô‰ = dh በ= kh l‰ = n à‰ = gh ˛õ‰ = p ≠= g ʉ˛ = ph .‰ = n Ó‰ = b ã˛‰ = c ˉ˛ = bh Sȉ˛ = ch Ù‰ = m ç‰ = j Ή = y V‰˛ = jh Ó˚‰ = r ~è = n °‰ = l ê‰˛ = t Ó‰ = v (w) 뉲 = th ¢‰ = s 퉲 = d §‰ = s ì‰˛ = dh £Ï‰ = s î‰ = n •‰ = h ï‰˛ = t Ç = m (m) ̉ = th / = h ò‰ = d . Forward Sri Rajmala is a state Chronicles of Tripura and obviously an important book on the history of Tripura. This book had been written in 4 volumes and in Bengali verse. Being written in Bengali verse, it has got some limitations for the widespread users, researchers, scholars specially outside of the state. Therefore, it has always been a felt-need to get it in English translation of this kind of valuable book. The present volume is the third re-print of English version of volume I-IV, edited and translated by Late Dr. N. C. Nath who past away at the time of proof reading of the first edition of the book. Tribal Research Institute is grateful to Late Dr. N. C. Nath for his commendable work. I am sure, this book will meet the felt-need and expectation of various research scholars of history and to know the past history of the state. a)/\%Qm (D. Debbarma) Dated, Agartala Director, 28th February, 2020 Tribal Research & Cultural Institute, Government of Tripura . SRI R A J M A L A VOL.-I Om, obeisance to the goddess Sarasvati (Om namah Sarasvatyai) The Rajamala (Vol.-I) (from Druhya to Ratna Manikya) (from prehistoric age to mid-15th Century) An Auspicious verse for welfare (Mangalacarana) Vade Ramayane Caiva. Purane Bharate tatha adav ante ca madhve ca Harih sarvatra givate. n the Veda, the Ramayana, the Puranas as also the Mahabharata the name Hari is sung at the beginning, at the Iend, in the middle and everywhere. Obeisance to Thee, O God Narayana, the Lord without any blemish (niranjan), who is the Supreme cause of creation, existence and dissolution of the three gunas (attributes)1. He performs endless divine acts assuming ten. Different forms. The three namas Trimurtaya tubhyam Praksrsteh Kevalatmana gunatraya vibhagaya pascad bhedam upeyuse. -obeisance to thee having three forms, who had only a solitary form, before the creation, but assumed different forms for differentiating the gunas. Purusas or divine manifestations of Hari-the primor-dial one (Brahma), the last one (=Rudra) and the Intermediate one (Visnu)- are the principal forms of the Supreme Lord Hari. But the gods Brahma and others always meditate on the Lord Hari or Narayana, O Supreme Man or person (Narottama), all Vedas, agamas, puranas. Tantras, other scisences, all containers (adhara), all things contained, all virtues and vices, the science of yoga, all spell 1 (e.f. Kalidas as euogy to Brahma as a form of Trinity in his Kumara Sambhaya canto II) 12 (mantras) all moving and stationary creations-all are equally due to you, all creations, existence and destruction, Lord Naravava is without a form (or a definite, fixed form). He is ever full of bliss or delight (nityananda), and is pervaded by Brahman. In the pores of his skin an infinite number of worlds (or eggs of Brahman, Brahmanda) and other receptacles can exist. All people call him the great intimate time person if tied (mahakal purusa). The vaisnavas give him the names Hari, Krisna (Krishna), Visnu, Narayani, Hrisikesa, Ananta (Infinite) and imperishable (Avyava). The saivas call him Siva. Sambhu, Hara and Mrtyunjay (Victor of death, deathless). Those who worship God in the form of Sakti (Energy, female form of the deity) call him (or her) Kalika and Durga. Even Brahma cannot ascertain the limit of his powers even by means of yoga and meditations. Adoring the dual feet of Lord Hari by means of body, mind and words, I will compose in pavar meter the poetical work Rajmala. Tatraive Ganga Yamuna ca tatra Godavari tatra Sarasvati ca Sarvani tirthani vasanti tatra Vatracyutodara katha-prasangah There alone are the sacred rivers Ganga, Yamuna, Godavari and Sarasvati, and there exist all the sacred places, where there are lofty discourses about the Immutable Lord Hari or Narayana. Here ends the section on Katyavaniz at the very opening of the work. Prologue (Prastavan) In the dynasty of Trilocana there was a king named Maha Monikya. 2. It is not clear why this section is named after godden Katyayani. The word Katyayanidhyaya is also wrong. It should be Katyayadhyaya. 13 His son was known by the name Sri Dharma Manikya. That king was highly religious minded and devoted to pious deeds. He ruled over his subjects according to the directions of Dharma-sastras. Once upon a time the king was seated on his Royal seat of judgement (dharmasana) and he had the desire to hear about the glories of the kings of his dynasty. At that time the High priest or Head-priest (Chantai) Durlabhendra was present there. He had perfect knowledge about the procedure of worship of the Fourteen deities, and also about the glories of the long line of kings descended from Tripura. There were present also two vastly learned Brahmanas, Banesvara and Sukresvara by name. They were conversant with all Agamas (Saiva text) and Tantras (Sakta texts) and also many other texts like Rajamalika, Yogini-malika3, Varanya-Kaya nirnaya and Laksana-malika. In the Bhasmacala mountain a dialogue was held between Lord Siva and Gauri. In that dialogue this new volume (Of the R. M. I) was repeated with great zeal at the beginning of the year. In these four Tantra treaties the history of (Tripura) kings is narrated. King Dharma-Manikya then asked them three about this (i.e. the history of Tripur Kings). The three said ‘O King, (or your Majesty) Please listen. The history of your dynasty is really valuable, but we cannot narrate it in our spoken dialect4, because that will be a sinful act. The Head-priest (Chantai) then narrated the history in the Tripur (or Tripuri) dialect.5 The High priest went on narrating and the King kept listening to how the Tripur dynasty originated. 3. Probably a work on Yognis, a women pracfising Yoga. 4. Spoken dialect probably Bengali dialect. 5. But where is the original Tripuri R M which was narrated by the chantai? It is probably lost. 14 The history begings (grantharambha) The great king Yayati of the Lunar dynasty, who had conquered the seven islands or lands (sapta-dvipa) in one round by hid chariot, had five sons all of whom were endowed with various notable accomplishments.