Key to the dragonflies of Turkey including species known from Greece, Bulgaria, Lebanon, Syria, the Trans-Caucasus and Iran V.J. Kalkman Introduction containing information on the identification of Since the 1980s Turkey has become an the odonates of this region. The key presen- increasingly popular holiday destinationfor ted here is based largely on the information birdwatchers. The mix of both familiar and published by these two major contributors to exotic birds, good food, great historic sites the knowledge of dragonflies of southwest and beautiful landscapes guarantees a tre- Asia and the Middle East. mendous vacation. Slightly more recently Most of the figures in the key were redrawn most Turkey also has become a popular destination from a various sources, the important for odonatological trips. It is hoped that this being Dumont (1991), Schneider(1986), interest will steadily increase, as there is still Askew (1988) and Van Tol (2002). For each much to be learned about the dragonflies of species, information on distribution, flight Turkey. period and habitat is given. Most Turkish species can be identified in Distribution: Informationon the distribution the field using the field guide by Dijkstra & in Turkey is based on the distribution maps Lewington (2006) or field guides written for presented in Kalkman & Van Pelt (2006). For central Europe (Bos & Wasscher, 2004; Bell- species largely confined to southwest Asia or mann, 1987). The main value of the present species that are absent or very rare in Europe key is that it deals with additional species additional information is given on their world occurring in eastern and northern Turkey plus distribution. adjacent countries to the east and south of Flight period: Information on the flight period Turkey. This key is also more suited for iden- in Turkey is based on the flight histograms tifying collected specimens as it uses mainly presented in Kalkman & Van Pelt (2006). For morphological characters. species rare or absent in Turkey the informa- tion on flight histograms was taken from vari- The key ous sources (see references). The structure of this key is largely based on Habitat: Information on habitats is largely that for European odonates in Askew (1988). based on field experience in Turkey, often Until the 1980s informationon the identifica- combined with field experience in Europe. For tion of most non-Europeanspecies occurring species rare or absent in Turkey the informa- in Turkey and adjacent countries was only to tion on habitat was taken from various sour- be found in some dozens of scientific papers. ces (see references). In the work of Wolfgang Schneider, ‘Syste- matik und Zoogeographieder Odonata der Covered area Levante unter besonderer Berucksichtigung The key includes all species known to occur der Zygoptera’ (Schneider, 1986) and Henri in Turkey, Greece, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Lebanon, Dumont, ‘Odonata of the Levant’ (Dumont, Iraq, Syria, Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan and 1991) much of the information on the iden- Iran. Iran has been poorly explored and the tification of these species was condensed southeast of the country is likely to yield a into single volumes. Besides these two dozen or more species not yet known from publications Wolfgang Schneider and Henri the country. A checklist of the species occur- Dumont wrote a large number of publications ring in these countries is given in Table 1. The Brachytron 10(1): 3-82 3 checklist is based on the following publicati- subspecies occurring or expected to occur ons: within Turkey. Subspecies occurring in Armenia: Tailly et at. (2004) countries surrounding Turkey balca- Azerbaijan: At the moment no critical check- nica, cretensis and syriaca) are lacking list for Azerbaijan is available. The checklist from the key. presented here is derived from a draft version - Lestes virens: subspecies virens and of a critical checklist for Georgia, Azerbaijan vestalis have been published for Turkish and Armenia in preparation by Marc Tailly. territory. Both are omitted from the key as From species given with a question mark it is the characters distinguishing these taxa unclear whetheror not the record was made are unclear (see note in checklist for more within the limits of the present days country or information). the identification is doubtful. The most recent - Coenagrion: C. vanbrinkae and C. persi- information on Azerbaijan was presented in cum are omitted, as the characters sepa- Dumont (2004). rating them from respectively C. ornatum Bulgaria: Marinov (2000), Marinov (2001c), and C. pulchellum are unclear. Marinov (2004). - Pseudagrion: P. decorum, P. laidlawi (both Cyprus: Lopau & Adena (2002), Nigel Cottle known from one record in eastern Iran) (pers. comm.). and P. sublacteum (known from southern Georgia: At the moment no critical checklist Syria). for Georgia is available. The checklist pre- Cordulegaster. C. vanbrinkae is known sented here is derived from a draft version from only one male and the information on of a critical checklist for Georgia, Azerbaijan this species was not sufficient to include it and Armenia in preparation by Marc Tailly. in the key. Some information on the recog- From species given with a question mark it is nition of this species is given in the text of unclear whether or not the record was made the genera. within the limits of the present days country or - Cordulegaster. subspecies amasina, the identification is doubtful. charpentieri, insignis, mzymtae, nobilis of Greece: Lopau, W. & A. Wendler (1995), C. insignis, subspecies bucholzi, helladica Lopau (1998a), Lopau (1998b), Lopau (2000), and kastalia of C. helladica and subspe- Grebe et at. (2005), Kalkman (2005), Laister cies heros and pelionensis of C. heros are (2005), Olias & Gunther (2005). not included as the characters defining Iran: FIeidari & Dumont (2002). these subspecies are often highly variable jrag: Asahina (1973), Asahina (1974). and difficult. Much information on Cordule- Lebanon: So far no checklist of Lebanese gaster can be found in Boudot, 2001. odonates has been published. The list here presented was taken from Tsuda (2000) with some additions from Schneider& Moubayed, 1985 and Schneider, 2004. Syria: So far no checklist of Syrian odonates has been published. The list here presen- ted was, with some minor changes, taken from Tsuda (2000) with some additions from Dumont & Borisov (1995) and Schneider (2004). Turkey: Based on the checklist by Kalkman et al. (2003). Recent new records published by Askew (2004), Boudot et al. (2004) and FIacet & Aktau (2004) have been incorpora- ted. A small number of species or subspecies are omitted from the key: - Calopteryx splendens: The key to the subspecies facilitates the identification of 4 Brachytron 10 (2006) Table 1. Checklist of species occurring in Turkey, Greece, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Lebanon, Iraq, Syria, Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan and Iran. Subspecies are mentioned only when several subspecies occur in the region or when a subspecies other than the nominate subspecies occurs. Some subspecies mentioned in the articles which this checklist is based believed be on are to synonyms with other subspecies and not are mentioned in this checklist. For Turkey an ‘e’ indicates that the species is to be expected. >>% 0<D E c i s o CD^ c Suborder: cd CD (D § ZYGOPTERA CD -S (/)» o - »> -S. I «CD ÜR 'c c c 0)“ CD 3 E> -Q 0“ 0 "2c roroSCD 0 0 O) Cl* o £ ■taj-g'Q.p0 o EEmo-c'cxiM0 O’ c JD 0 =3 3 0 c .Q CD CD >% 0 o Family: CALOPTERYGIDAE |26moS<3J?liw.S<1- Ö CO o < X C/) _l < Genus: Calopteryx Leach, 1815 C. splendens (Harris, 1782) xX C. splendens amasina Bartenef, 19121912 Xx C. splendens balcanica Fudakowski, 1930 xX Xx C. splendens cretensis Pongracz, 1911 Xx Xx C. splendens hyalina Martin, 1909 e xX xX C. splendens intermedia Selys, 1890 Xx xX xX xX xX xX xX C. 1868 C. splendens mingrelica Selys, 1868 xX xX Xx Xx xX C. orientalis splendens orientalis Selys, 1887 xX xX 1842 C. splendens syriaca Kambur,Rambur, 1842 xX xX xX C. splendens tschaldirica Bartenef, 1909 xX xX xX xX 1984 C. splendens waterstoni Schneider, 1984 xX C.C, virgo (Linnaeus, 1758) xX (i)(1) xX C. virgo festiva (Brullé,(Brullé, 1832)1832) Xx Xx Xx C. virgo feminalis Bartenef, 1910 x(2)X(2) Family: EUPHAEIDAE Genus: Epallage Charpentier, 1840 Epallage fatime (Charpentier,(Charpentier, 1840) XxxxxxxxxxxxX X X X X X X X X X Family: LESTIDAE Genus: Lestes Leach, 1815 L. barbarus (Fabricius, 1798) XxxxxxxxX X X X X X xX L. concinnus Hagen in Selys, 1862 xX L. dryas Kirby, 1890 xX xX xX xX xX ? L. macrostigma (Eversmann, 1836) XxxxxxxxX X X X X X L. parvidens Artobolevsky, 1929 xxxxxX X X X X Xx xxX X L. L. sponsa (Hansemann, 1823) xX xX xX Xx xX Xx xX L. virens (Charpentier, 1825) (3) xX xX xX Xx xX Xx xX L. viridis (Vander Linden, 1825) e xX xX Genus: Sympecma Burmeister, 1839 S.S, fusca (Vander Linden, 1820)1820) xxxxxxxX X X X X X X xX S.S, gobica (Foerster, 1900) (4) S. paedisca ((Brauer,Brauer, 1877) xX xX xX Xx xX Family: COENAGRIONIDAE Genus: Agriocnemis Selys, 1877 A. sania Nielsen, 1959 e A. pygmaea (Rambur, 1842) Xx Brachytron 10(1): 3-82 5 >»>* 0 E c 2I 0^ c *— 0 03 03 0 (A 1 o > 'l_ “ 'c I So I O)6> 1 c ?c 0 03 3 | -Q E 0 0 L. racod)03 0 0 M , O) Q. o ■£(U-Si_ 0 Q-gE<DCTCE 0 cr c 'l—C.o</)-Q (A v_ 0 >. 33'=3>>®CNI0(0><(D-O3 E 2 0 0 -Q I-1— OCDOO<t<tO CO o o < * C/5_J<CO < — — Genus: Ceriagrion Selys, 1876 C. georgifreyi Schmidt, 1953 xX xX xX C. tenellum (De Villers, 1789) xX Genus: Coenagrion Kirby, 1890 C.