∋(9(/230(172)6859(,//∃1&( 7(&+12/2∗<∃1∋5,6.2)∃%86( 2)(&2120,&,1)250∃7,21 9ΡΟ 7ΚΗςΗΡΙΚΗΥΛΘΦΡΠΠΞΘΛΦΛΡΘς ,ΘΗΟΟΛϑΗΘΦΗ&20,17ΡΙΞΡΠ∆ΗΓΣΥΡΦΗςςΛΘϑΙΡΥΛΘΗΟΟΛϑΗΘΦΗΣΞΥΣΡςΗς ΡΙΛΘΗΥΦΗΣΗΓΕΥΡΓΕΘΓΠΞΟΛΟΘϑΞϑΗΟΗςΗΓΡΥΦΡΠΠΡΘΦΥΥΛΗΥ ς∴ςΗΠςΘΓΛςΣΣΟΛΦΕΛΟΛ∴Ρ&20,17ΥϑΗΛΘϑΘΓςΗΟΗΦΛΡΘ ΛΘΦΟΞΓΛΘϑςΣΗΗΦΚΥΗΦΡϑΘΛΛΡΘ :ΡΥΝΛΘϑΓΡΦΞΠΗΘΙΡΥΚΗ672∃3ΘΗΟ /Ξ[ΗΠΕΡΞΥϑ2ΦΡΕΗΥ 3(9ΡΟ &ΟΡϑΞΛΘϑΓ 7ΛΟΗ 3∆Υ7ΚΗςΗΡΙΚΗΥΛΘΦΡΠΠΞΘΛΦΛΡΘς ,ΘΗΟΟΛϑΗΘΦΗ&20,17ΡΙΞΡΠ∆ΗΓΣΥΡΦΗςςΛΘϑΙΡΥ ΛΘΗΟΟΛϑΗΘΦΗΣΞΥΣΡςΗςΡΙΛΘΗΥΦΗΣΗΓΕΥΡΓΕΘΓΞΟΛ ΟΘϑΞϑΗΟΗςΗΓΡΥΦΡΠΠΡΘΦΥΥΛΗΥς∴ςΗΠςΘΓΛς ΣΣΟΛΦΕΛΟΛ∴Ρ&20,17ΥϑΗΛΘϑΘΓςΗΟΗΦΛΡΘ ΛΘΦΟΞΓΛΘϑςΣΗΗΦΚΥΗΦΡϑΘΛΛΡΘ :ΡΥΝΣΟΘ5ΗΙ (3,9%672∃ 3ΞΕΟΛςΚΗΥ (ΞΥΡΣΗΘ3ΥΟΛΠΗΘ ∋ΛΥΗΦΡΥΗ∗ΗΘΗΥΟΙΡΥ5ΗςΗΥΦΚ ∋ΛΥΗΦΡΥΗ∃ 7ΚΗ672∃3ΥΡϑΥ∆ΠΠΗ ∃ΞΚΡΥ ∋ΞΘΦΘ&ΠΣΕΗΟΟ,379/ΩΓ(ΓΛΘΕΞΥϑΚ (ΓΛΡΥ 0Υ∋ΛΦΝ+2/∋6:257+ +ΗΓΡΙ672∃8ΘΛ ∋Η 2ΦΡΕΗΥ 3(ΘΞΠΕΗΥ 3(9ΡΟ 7ΚΛςΓΡΦΞΠΗΘΛςΖΡΥΝΛΘϑ∋ΡΦΞΠΗΘΙΡΥΚΗ672∃3ΘΗΟ,ΛςΘΡΘΡΙΙΛΦΛΟΣΞΕΟΛΦΛΡΘΡΙ672∃ 7ΚΛςΓΡΦΞΠΗΘΓΡΗςΘΡΘΗΦΗςςΥΛΟ∴ΥΗΣΥΗςΗΘΚΗΨΛΗΖςΡΙΚΗ(ΞΥΡΣΗΘ3ΥΟΛΠΗΘ I nterception Capabilities 2000 Report to the Director General for Research of the European Parliament (Scientific and Technical Options Assessment programme office) on the development of surveillance technology and risk of abuse of economic information. This study considers the state of the art in Communications intelligence (Comint) of automated processing for intelligence purposes of intercepted broadband multi-language leased or common carrier systems, and its applicability to Comint targeting and selection, including speech recognition. I nterception Capabilities 2000 Cont ent s SUMMARY .............................................................................................................................................................................................. A 1. ORGANISATIONS AND METHODS ................................................................................................................................................... 1 WHAT IS COMMUNICATIONS INTELLIGENCE? .................................................................................................................................. 1 UKUSA alliance .......................................................................................................................................................................... 1 Other Comint organisations ..................................................................................................................................................... 1 HOW INTELLIGENCE WORKS ............................................................................................................................................................. 1 Planning ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 2 Access and collection ................................................................................................................................................................. 2 Processing .................................................................................................................................................................................... 2 Production and dissemination ................................................................................................................................................. 3 2. INTERCEPTING INTERNATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS .................................................................................................................. 3 INTERNATIONAL LEASED CARRIER (ILC) COMMUNICATIONS .......................................................................................................... 3 High frequency radio ................................................................................................................................................................. 4 Microwave radio relay .............................................................................................................................................................. 4 Subsea cables .............................................................................................................................................................................. 4 Communications satellites ........................................................................................................................................................ 4 Communications techniques ..................................................................................................................................................... 4 ILC COMMUNICATIONS COLLECTION ................................................................................................................................................ 4 Access ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 4 Operation SHAMROCK ............................................................................................................................................................. 4 High frequency radio interception .......................................................................................................................................... 5 Space interception of inter-city networks .............................................................................................................................. 5 Sigint satellites ........................................................................................................................................................................... 6 COMSAT ILC collection ............................................................................................................................................................ 7 Submarine cable interception .................................................................................................................................................. 8 Intercepting the Internet ............................................................................................................................................................ 9 Covert collection of high capacity signals .......................................................................................................................... 10 New satellite networks ............................................................................................................................................................ 11 3. ECHELON AND COMINT PRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................................... 11 THE "WATCH LIST" ........................................................................................................................................................................ 11 NEW INFORMATION ABOUT ECHELON SITES AND SYSTEMS ....................................................................................................... 11 Westminster, London – Dictionary computer ....................................................................................................................... 12 Sugar Grove, Virginia – COMSAT interception at ECHELON site ................................................................................. 12 Sabana Seca, Puerto Rico and Leitrim, Canada – COMSAT interception sites ........................................................... 13 Waihopai, New Zealand – Intelsat interception at ECHELON site ................................................................................. 13 ILC PROCESSING TECHNIQUES ........................................................................................................................................................ 13 4. COMINT AND LAW ENFORCEMENT ............................................................................................................................................. 13 MISREPRESENTATION OF LAW ENFORCEMENT INTERCEPTION REQUIREMENTS ........................................................................... 14 Law enforcement communications interception – policy development in Europe ....................................................... 15 5. COMINT AND ECONOMIC INTELLIGENCE ................................................................................................................................... 15 TASKING ECONOMIC INTELLIGENCE ................................................................................................................................................ 15 DISSEMINATING ECONOMIC INTELLIGENCE .................................................................................................................................... 16 THE USE OF COMINT ECONOMIC INTELLIGENCE PRODUCT ............................................................................................................. 16 Panavia European Fighter Aircraft consortium and Saudi Arabia ................................................................................ 16 Thomson CSF and Brazil ........................................................................................................................................................ 17 Airbus Industrie and Saudi Arabia ....................................................................................................................................... 17 International trade negotiations .........................................................................................................................................