Odonatological Abstract Service published by the INTERNATIONAL DRAGONFLY FUND (IDF) in cooperation with the WORLDWIDE DRAGONFLY ASSOCIATION (WDA) Editors: Dr. Martin Lindeboom, Landhausstr. 10, D-72074 Tübingen, Germany. Tel. ++49 (0)7071 552928; E-mail: [email protected] Dr. Klaus Reinhardt, Dept Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK. Tel. ++44 114 222 0105; E-mail: [email protected] Martin Schorr, Schulstr. 7B D-54314 Zerf, Germany. Tel. ++49 (0)6587 1025; E-mail: [email protected] Published in Rheinfelden, Germany and printed in Trier, Germany. ISSN 1438-0269 test for behavioural adaptations in tadpoles to these dif- 1997 ferent levels of predation. B. bombina tadpoles are sig- nificantly less active than B. variegata, both before and after the introduction of a predator to an experimental 5748. Arnqvist, G. (1997): The evolution of animal ge- arena; this reduces their vulnerability as many preda- nitalia: distinguishing between hypotheses by single tors detect prey through movement. Behavioural diffe- species studies. Biological Journal of the Linnean So- rences translate into differential survival: B. variegata ciety 60: 365-379. (in English). ["Rapid evolution of ge- suffer higher predation rates in laboratory experiments nitalia is one of the most general patterns of morpholo- with three main predator types (Triturus sp., Dytiscus gical diversification in animals. Despite its generality, larvae, Aeshna nymphs). This differential adaptation to the causes of this evolutionary trend remain obscure. predation will help maintain preference for alternative Several alternative hypotheses have been suggested to breeding habitats, and thus serve as a mechanism account for the evolution of genitalia (notably the lock- maintaining the distinctions between the two species." and-key, pleiotropism, and sexual selection hypothe- (Authors)] Address: Kruuk, Loeske, Institute of Cell, A- ses). Here, I argue that thorough intraspecific studies nimal and Population Biolog., Uni. of Edinburgh, West are the key to gaining insight into the patterns and pro- Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK. E-mail: loeske@ cesses of genitalic evolution. Critical assumptions and tattoo.ed.ac.uk predictions that may be used to distinguish between the different hypotheses are identified and discussed. Ho- 5750. Williamson, D.L.; Adams, J.R.; Whitcomb, R.F.; wever, current knowledge of selection on genitalia, or Tully, J.G.; Carle, P.; Konai, M.; Bove, J.M.; Henegar, even of the degree of phenotypic and genotypic variabi- R.B. (1997): Spiroplasma platyhelix sp. nov., a new lity of genital morphology, is highly limited, allowing only mollicute with unusual morphology and genome size a very tentative assessment of the various hypotheses. from the dragonfly Pachydiplax longipennis. Internatio- In-depth single species studies of current patterns and nal journal of systematic bacteriology 47(3): 763-766. processes of selection on genitalia are badly needed, (in English). ["Spiroplasma strain PALS-1T from the gut and a single species research program is briefly outli- of the dragonfly Pachydiplax longipennis was shown to ned." (Author) The paper includes many references to be distinct from other species, groups, and subgroups Odonata.] Address: Arnquist, G., Dept. of Animal Eco- of the genus Spiroplasma as determined by reciprocal logy, University of Umea°, S-901 87 Umea, Sweden serological metabolism inhibition and deformation tests. However, this strain cross-reacted extensively with re- 5749. Kruuk, L.E.B.; Gilchrist, J.S. (1997): Mecha- presentatives of other groups when it was used as an nisms maintaining species differentiation: predator- antigen. Electron microscopy of cells of strain PALS-1T mediated selection in a Bombina hybrid zone. Procee- revealed cells surrounded by a single cytoplasmic dings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences membrane. Light microscopy revealed helical cells that 264(1378): 105-110. (in English). ["Mechanisms which exhibited twisting motility rather than rotatory or flexing prevent gene flow will maintain differentiation between motility. Variations in the tightness of coiling were species, and therefore contribute to biological diversity. transmitted from one end of the helix to the other. The We describe an experimental study of such mecha- strain was resistant to penicillin, which confirmed that nisms in a hybrid zone between the fire-bellied toad no cell wall was present. The organism grew well in Bombina bombina and the yellow-bellied toad B. varie- M1D and SP-4 liquid media under either aerobic or an- gata. In this system, preference for different breeding aerobic conditions. Growth also occurred in 1% serum habitats reduces the frequency of hybridization. A com- fraction medium and in conventional horse serum me- parison of habitat ecology shows that the semi- dium. The optimum temperature for growth was 30°C, permanent ponds in which B. bombina usually breeds at which the doubling time was 6.4 h. Multiplication oc- have higher densities of aquatic predators than the curred at temperatures from 10 to 32°C. Strain PALS- temporary puddles typically used by B. variegata. We 1T catabolized glucose and hydrolyzed arginine but not Odonat. Abstr. Service 19 (February 2007) - page 1 urea. The guanine-plus-cytosine content of the DNA de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Entomologia, Caixa postal was 29 6 1 mol%. The genome size was 780 kbp, the 478, 69.011-970, Manaus, AM, Brasil. smallest genome size in the genus Spiroplasma. Strain PALS-1 (5 ATCC 51748) is designated the type strain 5754. Englund, R.A.; Filbert, R.B. (1999): Flow resto- of a new species, Spiroplasma platyhelix." (Authors)] ration and persistence of introduced species in Waikele Address: Williamson, D.L., Department of Anatomical stream, O‘ahu. Micronesica 31(2): 143-154. (in Eng- Sciences, State University of New York, Stony Brook, lish). ["Unintentional stream flow restoration in Waikele New York 117941, USA Stream, O‘ahu, Hawai‘i resulted from the demise of su- gar cane cultivation on O‘ahu and subsequent cessati- 5751. Winemiller, K.O.; Adite, A. (1997): Convergent on of direct surface water diversions in 1989. Previous evolution of weakly electric fishes from floodplain habi- artificial stream studies in Hawai‘i have suggested that tats in Africa and South America. Environmental Biolo- increases in the base flow of a diverted stream would gy of Fishes 49: 175-186. (in English). ["An assemblage displace or reduce introduced fish populations. Surveys of seven gymnotiform fishes in Venezuela was compa- of Waikele Stream, conducted in 1993 and 1997–1998 red with an assemblage of six mormyriform fishes in from the Waikele Springs area downstream to the be- Zambia to test the assumption of convergent evolution ginning of the tidal reach found that despite an increase in the two groups of very distantly related, weakly elect- in stream flow, introduced fish remained abundant and ric, noctournal fishes. Both assemblages occur in native species appeared to have declined. In fact, two strongly seasonal floodplain habitats, but the upper new introduced aquatic taxa, a dragonfly and a shrimp, Zambezi floodplain in Zambia covers a much larger a- had appeared. These results indicate that although rea. The two assemblages had broad diet [including restoring hydrological conditions is an important first Odonata] overlap but relatively narrow overlap of step in overall restoration of degraded aquatic ecosys- morphological attributes associated with feeding. The tems, flow restoration alone is not a panacea, especial- gymnotiform assemblage had greater morphological va- ly in O‘ahu streams with naturally low discharge rates. riation, but mormyriforms had more dietary variation. For stream and wetland restoration to fully succeed, There was ample evidence of evolutionary convergence introduced fish and other alien aquatic species must be based on both morphology and diet, and this was eradicated by methods other than simply increasing despite the fact that species pairwise morphological si- stream base flows." (Authors) Tab. 2 lists 7 odonata milarity and dietary similarity were uncorrelated in this species, with the exeption of Pantala flavescens exclu- dataset. For the most part, the two groups have diversi- sively introduced species.] Address: Englund, R.A., fied in a convergent fashion within the confines of their Hawaii Biological Survey, Bishop Museum, 1525 Berni- broader niche as nocturnal invertebrate feeders. Both ce Street, Honolulu, HI, 96817, USA. E-mail: englund assemblages contain midwater planktivores, micropha- @bishopmuseum.org gous vegetationdwellers, macrophagous benthic fora- gers, and long-snouted benthic probers. The gymnoti- form assemblage has one piscivore, a niche not repre- 2000 sented in the upper Zambezi mormyriform assemblage, but present in the form of Mormyrops deliciousus in the lower Zambezi and many other regions of Africa." (Au- thors)] Address: Winemiller, K.O., Adite, A., Department 5755. De Marco Júnior, P.; Furieri, K.S. (2000): Eco- of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences, Texas A&M Univer- logy of Leptagrion perlongum Calvert, 1909: a bromeli- sity, College Station, TX 77843, U.S.A. ad-dweller odonate species. Boletim do Museu de Bio- logia Prof. Melle Leitão (Nova Série) 11/12: 135-148. (in English, with Portuguese summary). ["Leptagrion is an 1998 odonate genus completely associated with bromeliads in South-America. Two species are known as threate- ned in the Atlantic Forest, but they