Key Aspects of Long Railroad Tunnels (e.g. Semmering Base Tunnel alignment selection process) Johannes Kleberger May 28th 2012 Ankara Key Aspects of Long Railroad Tunnels Appropriate Alignment selection process Geological investigation and ground modelling Definition of maximum longitidinal gradient Definition of minimum horizontal radius Design speed selection/aerodynamic design Tunnel system selection (passenger trains only or mixed traffic, maintenance concept for railroad line) Tunnel Safety lnfrastructure according to Internat. Standards Tunnel construction method(s) selection Construction contract selection/ fair risk share Construction budget availability Realistic construction time scenario © iC group. For copies, please contact +43 1 521 69-0 or [email protected]. 2 OVERVIEW SEMMERING BASE TUNNEL KORALM TUNNEL © iC group. For copies, please contact +43 1 521 69-0 or [email protected]. 3 GHEGA-LINE © iC group. For copies, please contact +43 1 521 69-0 or [email protected]. 4 GHEGA-LINE (UNESCO WORLD HERITAGE) built from 1848 - 1854 by Carl Ritter von Ghega 41.8 km length from Gloggnitz to Mürzzuschlag (linear distance: 21 km) more than 20.000 workers 15 tunnels (total length 5.420 m) and 16 viaducts max. gradient 28 ‰ (25 km >20 ‰) original speed 6 km/h, today max. speed 70 km/h 2 lokomotives for heavy cargo trains © iC group. For copies, please contact +43 1 521 69-0 or [email protected]. 5 DESIGN PARAMETER FOR BASE TUNNEL new maximum gradient 0,85 % minimum horizontal radius 3.000 m design speed 230 km/h 2 parallel single-track tubes emergency stop in the middle of the tunnel minimum inner clearance of 41 m2 cross passages every 500 m „short construction time“ and „high flexibility in construction“ intermediate construction accesses, use of TBM © iC group. For copies, please contact +43 1 521 69-0 or [email protected]. 6 PLANNING PROCESS 1st Step: Development of Corridors • Development of alignment alternatives • Consideration of recommendations from „outside groups“ 2nd Step: Alignment Selection • Definition of criteria and weighting • Evaluation of alignment alternatives • Selection of recommended alignment 3rd Step: Preliminary Design for Selected Alignment • Design of tunnel, shafts, adits, cross passages, portals and auxiliary structures • Environmental impact assessment • Application of statutory approval © iC group. For copies, please contact +43 1 521 69-0 or [email protected]. 7 PLANNING AREA 300 km2 © iC group. For copies, please contact +43 1 521 69-0 or [email protected]. 8 STUDIED CORRIDORS FOR SBTnew Existing Ghega Railway Line SBT „old“ © iC group. For copies, please contact +43 1 521 69-0 or [email protected]. 9 SURFACE GEOLOGICAL MAP © iC group. For copies, please contact +43 1 521 69-0 or [email protected]. 10 PLANNING PROCESS 1st Step: Development of Corridors • Development of alignment alternatives • Consideration of recommendations from „outside groups“ 2nd Step: Alignment Selection • Definition of criteria and weighting • Evaluation of alignment alternatives • Selection of recommended alignment 3rd Step: Preliminary Design for Selected Alignment • Design of tunnel, shafts, adits, cross passages, portals and auxiliary structures • Environmental impact assessment • Application of statutory approval © iC group. For copies, please contact +43 1 521 69-0 or [email protected]. 11 PLANNING PROCESS 2nd Step: Alignment Selection DESIGN TEAMCLIENT ADVISORY GROUP Definition of Criteria Presentation of Criteria Technical Evaluation of Alignment Alternatives Weighting of Criteria Combination of Evaluation Results and Weighting Factors SELECTION OF ALIGNMENT © iC group. For copies, please contact +43 1 521 69-0 or [email protected]. 12 CATALOGUE OF CRITERIA Railway technology - infrastructure Railway technology – regular operation TRANSPORT Railway technology – operation under special conditions + Ground conditions TECHNOLOGY Use of excavation material Construction logistics Transport infrastructure Development of settlements Settlement areas, emissions SPACE + Landscape and tourism S U B C R I T E R I A E R I T S U B C R I ENVIROMENT Ground water and mountain water, protection of drinking water Surface water Natural environment and ecology COSTS + Costs RISKS Risks of implementation © iC group. For copies, please contact +43 1 521 69-0 or [email protected]. 13 CATALOGUE OF CRITERIA Subject Main criteria Sub-criteria Railway technology - Design parameters Adaptation of techn. infrastructure infrastructure Tunnel equipment Operation Railway technology – Route capacity regular operation Energy consumption Travel times Impacts of maintenance activities Railway technology – Tunnel safety operation under special Tunnel ventilation (emergency) Transport Operation during construction + conditions (e.g.emergency) Tectonic faults Technology Sections in loose rock Ground conditions Mountain water Accuracy of geolog. prediction Balance of construction material Use of excavation material Use of muck material Construction period material supply and muck disposal Construction logistics Site installation areas Permanent use of construction accesses © iC group. For copies, please contact +43 1 521 69-0 or [email protected]. 14 Subject Main criteria Sub-criteria Accessibility, portals Transport infrastructure Economic development Development of Proximity to settlement areas settlements opportunities of local development Cultural assets Settlement areas, pollution Noise exposure to settlements damage to settlements Vibration exposure to settlements Landscape Recreation Space Landscape and tourism Touristic development + Amount of mountain water ingress Ground/mountain water, Impact on drinking water supply Environment Natural springs drinking water protection Impact on surface runoffs Accuracy of forcast Surface water (floodwater) Surface water Water ecology Nature reserves Cultural landscape Natural environment and Biotopes and habitats preserving ecology Humid habitats Wildlife ecology Fishery © iC group. For copies, please contact +43 1 521 69-0 or [email protected]. 15 Subject Main criterion Sub-criteria Investment costs Maintenance costs Costs Costs Integration of previous investments + Operational costs Risks Risks of implementation © iC group. For copies, please contact +43 1 521 69-0 or [email protected]. 16 CATALOGUE OF CRITERIA Subject Main criteria Sub-criteria Railway technology - Design parameters Adaptation of techn. infrastructure infrastructure Tunnel equipment Operation Railway technology – Route capacity regular operation Energy consumption Travel times Impacts of maintenance activities Railway technology – Tunnel safety operation under special Tunnel ventilation (emergency) Transport Operation during construction + conditions (e.g. emergency) Tectonic faults Technology Sections in loose rock Ground conditions Mountain water Accuracy of geolog. prediction Balance of construction material Use of excavation material Use of muck material Construction period material supply and muck disposal Construction logistics Site installation areas Permanent use of construction accesses © iC group. For copies, please contact +43 1 521 69-0 or [email protected]. 17 PORTAL PORTAL MÜRZ- GLOGGNITZ ACCESS AUE ACCESS FRÖSCHNITZGRABEN ACCESS GRAUTSCHENHOF ZUSCHLAG 1 2 Portal Bridge Mürzz. 3 Schwarza TBM NATM 4 Emergency stope 5 6 7 8 INNER LINING, INSTALLATION OF EQUIPMENT 9 10 © iC group. For copies, please contact +43 1 521 69-0 or [email protected]. 18 SUB-CRITERIA: CONSTRUCTION PERIOD Finishing Outer lining CONSTRUCTION TIME 16 MAIN PARAMETER: 15 1 14 CONSTRUCTION 13 TIME 12 2 11 10 3 9 8 4 N G I R A T YEARS 7 "construction period" "construction 6 5 5 4 3 2 1 0 PF -PF MZ PG - ZB KO - ZB PG - HB KO - HB OH - HB OH PG - LW KO - LW OH - LW - OH PG - PW KO - PW OH - PW - OH KO - MZui © iC group. For copies, please contact +43 1 521 69-0 or [email protected]. 19 RESULT OF CONSTRUCTION LOGISTICS KO-Hb KO-Pw KO-Lw KO-Zb KO-Mz OH-Hb OH-Pw OH-Lw PG-Hb PG-Pw PG-Lw PG-Zb PF-Mz 1.61.6 ConstructionConstructionBaulogistik logistics logistics 3323322211113 1.6.11.6.1BauzeitConstruction period 2222211111113 Material supply and 1.6.21.6.2Baustellen Ver- und Entsorgung muck disposal 3333333311113 Permanent use of 1.6.2 1.6.3 Baustelleneinrichtungsflächenconstruction accesses 4324344443234 5 EXCELENT Corresponds completely to the project-goals 4 GOOD Corresponds to the project-goals in a high degree 3 AVERAGE Corresponds in the essential points to the project-goals 2 BELOW AVERAGE Fulfills substantial project-goals only insufficiently 1 BAD Does not fulfil substantial project goals ! RISKS IN IMPLEMENTATION © iC group. For copies, please contact +43 1 521 69-0 or [email protected]. 20 SELECTED ROUTE „PFAFFENSATTEL“ SBT „old“ 22,1 km 9,5 – 11,3 ‰ SBT „new“ 27,5 km 8,5 ‰ © iC group. For copies, please contact +43 1 521 69-0 or [email protected]. 21 PLANNING PROCESS 1st Step: Development of Corridors • Development of alignment alternatives • Consideration of recommendations from „outside groups“ 2nd Step: Alignment Selection • Definition of criteria and weighting • Evaluation of alignment alternatives • Selection of recommended alignment 3rd Step: Preliminary Design for Selected Alignment • Design of tunnel, shafts, adits, cross passages, portals and auxiliary structures • Environmental impact assessment • Application of statutory approval © iC group. For copies, please contact +43 1 521 69-0 or [email protected]. 22 CONSTRUCTION DETAIL NATM Shotcrete Lining Waterproofing