Post-Excavation Assessment The New Park and Ride site, Land off Butt Lane, Milton, Cambridgeshire Post-Excavation Assessment February 2009 Client: Cambridgeshire County Council OA East Report No: 1004 OASIS No: oxfordar3-51512 NGR: TL469 630 The New Park and Ride site, Land off Butt Lane, Milton, Cambridgeshire. Post-excavation Assessment and Updated Project Design By Dan Hounsell With contributions by Val Fryer BA, FSA MIFA, Steve Boreham BSc. PhD., Sarah Percival BA MA, Alice Lyons BA MIFA, Ian Baxter BA MIFA, Nina Crummy BA FSA, Carole Fletcher BA AIFA, Rachel Fosberry Editors: Elizabeth Popescu PhD BA MIFA Stephen Macaulay MPhil BA MIFA Illustrator: Crane Begg BSc Report Date: February 2009 © Oxford Archaeology East Page 1 of 143 Report Number 1004 Table of Contents Summary.........................................................................................................................................8 1 Introduction................................................................................................................................9 1.1 Project Background ....................................................................................................9 1.2 Geology and Topography ...........................................................................................9 1.3 Archaeological and Historical Background.................................................................9 1.4 Acknowledgements....................................................................................................13 2 Aims and Objectives ..............................................................................................................14 2.1 Aims...........................................................................................................................14 2.2 Methodology..............................................................................................................14 3 Summary of Results ...............................................................................................................15 3.2 Period 1: Iron Age (Figure 3).....................................................................................15 3.3 Roman Period (Figure 4)...........................................................................................26 3.4 Medieval Period (Figure 5)........................................................................................27 4 Factual Data and Assessment of Archaeological Potential...............................................29 4.1 Excavation Summary.................................................................................................29 4.2 Stratigraphic and Structural Data .............................................................................30 4.3 Artefact Summaries...................................................................................................32 4.4 Environmental Summaries .......................................................................................36 5 Updated Research Aims and Objectives..............................................................................39 5.2 National Research Objectives...................................................................................39 5.3 Regional Research Objectives..................................................................................40 5.4 Local Research Objectives........................................................................................41 6 Methods Statements................................................................................................................42 6.2 Stratigraphic Analysis (tasks 1-16)............................................................................42 6.3 Documentary Research (task 8)...............................................................................42 6.4 Artefactual Analysis (tasks 24-26).............................................................................42 7 Report Writing, Archiving and Publication ..........................................................................44 7.1 Report Writing............................................................................................................44 7.2 Archiving....................................................................................................................44 © Oxford Archaeology East Page 3 of 143 Report Number 1004 7.3 Publication.................................................................................................................44 8 Resources and Programming................................................................................................45 8.2 Staffing and Equipment.............................................................................................45 8.3 Task Identification......................................................................................................45 Appendix 1. Finds Summary.....................................................................................................47 Appendix 2. Context Summary with Provisional Phasing.....................................................61 Appendix 3. Prehistoric Pottery................................................................................................86 3.1 Introduction.................................................................................................................86 3.2 Methodology...............................................................................................................86 3.3 Later Iron Age ............................................................................................................86 3.4 LPRIA .........................................................................................................................87 3.5 Bibliography ...............................................................................................................87 Appendix 4. Romano-British Pottery........................................................................................89 4.1 Introduction.................................................................................................................89 4.2 Methodology...............................................................................................................89 4.3 The Pottery.................................................................................................................89 4.4 Summary.....................................................................................................................90 4.5 Further Work...............................................................................................................90 4.6 Bibliography................................................................................................................90 Appendix 5. Post-Roman Pottery.............................................................................................92 5.1 Summary.....................................................................................................................92 5.2 Introduction.................................................................................................................92 5.3 Methodology...............................................................................................................93 5.4 Assemblage................................................................................................................93 5.5 Fabrics........................................................................................................................93 5.6 Forms..........................................................................................................................93 5.7 Provenance.................................................................................................................94 5.8 Sampling Bias.............................................................................................................95 5.9 Statement of Research Potential...............................................................................95 5.10 Further Work and Methods Statement ....................................................................95 © Oxford Archaeology East Page 4 of 143 Report Number 1004 5.11 Bibliography .............................................................................................................96 5.12 Dating Table..............................................................................................................97 Appendix 6. Animal Bone Assesment....................................................................................100 6.1 The Site and its Excavation......................................................................................100 6.2 The Animal Bone Assemblage.................................................................................100 6.3 Assessment...............................................................................................................100 6.4 Potential and recommendations...............................................................................100 6.5 Timing and Costing...................................................................................................101 6.6 References................................................................................................................101 Appendix 7. Assessment Of The Small Finds.......................................................................102 7.1 Summary...................................................................................................................102