Prepared for: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Region 7 901 North 5th Street Kansas City, Kansas 66101 Omaha Lead Site Final Remedial Investigation Report Volume I Omaha, Nebraska April 2009 EPA Contract No.: EP-S7-05-06 EPA Task Order No.: 031 BVSPC Project No.: 044746.01.09 Prepared by: Black & Veatch Special Projects Corp. 6601 College Blvd. Overland Park, Kansas 66211 Professional Environmental Engineers, Inc. Contents Acronyms and Abbreviations ..................................................................................................................................i Executive Summary ..........................................................................................................................................ES-1 1.0 Introduction........................................................................................................................................ 1-1 1.1 Site Background.............................................................................................................................. 1-2 1.1.1 Site Description.......................................................................................................................... 1-2 1.1.2 Site History................................................................................................................................. 1-3 1.1.3 Previous Investigations .............................................................................................................. 1-5 1.1.4 Removal Actions........................................................................................................................ 1-8 1.1.5 Preliminary Assessment/Site Inspection.................................................................................... 1-9 1.1.6 ATSDR Health Consultations.................................................................................................. 1-10 1.1.7 Douglas County Health Department........................................................................................ 1-11 1.1.8 Apportionment Study............................................................................................................... 1-12 1.1.9 Bio-Availability Study.............................................................................................................. 1-14 1.1.10 In-Vitro Bioavailability Sample Analysis........................................................................... 1-16 1.1.11 Treatability Study................................................................................................................ 1-17 1.2 Report Organization..................................................................................................................... 1-18 2.0 Remedial Investigation Activities .................................................................................................... 2-1 2.1 Residential Property Soil Sampling ............................................................................................... 2-1 2.2 Home Interior Investigations ......................................................................................................... 2-3 2.2.1 2003 Home Interior Sampling Investigation and Demographic Survey................................... 2-4 2.2.2 2007 Home Interior Investigation.............................................................................................. 2-5 2.3 Lead Based Paint Assessments..................................................................................................... 2-11 2.4 Drip Zone Width Study................................................................................................................. 2-13 2.4.1 Sampling Protocols .................................................................................................................. 2-13 2.5 Lead Based Paint Recontamination Study .................................................................................. 2-15 2.5.1 Sampling Procedures ............................................................................................................... 2-17 2.6 Small Park Investigation .............................................................................................................. 2-18 2.6.1 Sampling Protocols .................................................................................................................. 2-19 2.7 Large Park Investigation.............................................................................................................. 2-20 2.7.1 Sampling Protocols .................................................................................................................. 2-21 2.8 Quality Assurance/Quality Control Samples............................................................................... 2-22 2.8.1 Confirmation Samples.............................................................................................................. 2-22 2.8.2 Rinsate Samples ....................................................................................................................... 2-22 2.8.3 Matrix Spike/Matrix Spike Duplicate (MS/MSD) Samples................................................... 2-23 2.9 Sample Numbering System........................................................................................................... 2-23 2.9.1 Surface Soil, Dust, and Subsurface Soil Samples ................................................................... 2-23 2.9.2 Exterior Lead Based Paint Assessment Samples..................................................................... 2-26 2.9.3 Drip Zone Width Study Samples ............................................................................................. 2-26 2.9.4 Park Soil Samples .................................................................................................................... 2-26 2.9.5 Lead Based Paint Recontamination Study Samples................................................................. 2-27 Omaha Lead Site TC-1 April 2009 Final RI 44746.109-01 2.10 Documentation.............................................................................................................................. 2-27 2.10.1 Field Sheets ......................................................................................................................... 2-27 2.10.2 Field Book Documentation for Sampling Activities........................................................... 2-27 2.10.3 Photographs......................................................................................................................... 2-28 2.10.4 Sample Labels ..................................................................................................................... 2-28 2.10.5 EPA Region 7 Field Sheet .................................................................................................. 2-28 2.10.6 Chain-of-Custody Record.................................................................................................... 2-28 2.10.7 Custody Seals ...................................................................................................................... 2-28 3.0 Physical Characteristics of the Study Area.................................................................................... 3-1 3.1 Surface Water Hydrology............................................................................................................... 3-1 3.2 Geology........................................................................................................................................... 3-1 3.3 Soils................................................................................................................................................. 3-2 3.4 Hydrogeology ................................................................................................................................. 3-2 3.5 Meteorology.................................................................................................................................... 3-3 3.6 Demography and Land Use........................................................................................................... 3-3 4.0 Nature and Extent of Contamination.............................................................................................. 4-1 4.1 Data Validation .............................................................................................................................. 4-1 4.2 Soil at Residential Properties......................................................................................................... 4-2 4.3 Indoor Dust..................................................................................................................................... 4-4 4.3.1 2003 Investigation...................................................................................................................... 4-4 4.3.2 2007 Investigation...................................................................................................................... 4-4 4.4 Potable Water ................................................................................................................................. 4-5 4.5 Lead Based Paint Assessments....................................................................................................... 4-5 4.6 Drip Zone Width Study................................................................................................................... 4-5 4.7 Lead Based Paint Recontamination