UTAH STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION CATEGORY 7 Structural and Health-Related Pesticide Safety Study Guide Contents CHAPTER 1 CHAPTER 5 INTRODUCTION UNDERSTANDING Forward ................................................. 1 ARTHROPOD PESTS Introduction ............................................ 1 Learning Objectives .................................. 27 Introduction ............................................ 27 Anthropod Pest Biology ............................. 28 CHAPTER 2 Damage Caused By Arthropods ................... 30 LAWS AND REGULATION Learning Objectives .................................. 5 Federal Laws ........................................... 5 CHAPTER 6 Emergency Exemptions (Fifra, Section 18) ..... 7 COCKROACHES Special Local Need 24(C) Registration ........... 8 Learning Objectives .................................. 31 State Laws .............................................. 8 General Biology ....................................... 31 Maintain Pesticide Application Major Cockroach Species In Utah ................ 33 Records for Two Years ............................... 11 Cockroach Management ............................ 35 CHAPTER 3 CHAPTER 7 PESTICIDES IN THE ENVIRONMENT ANTS Learning Objectives .................................. 13 Learning Objectives .................................. 41 Where Do Pesticides Go? ........................... 13 General Biology ....................................... 41 Pesticide Characteristics ............................ 15 The Ant Colony ........................................ 42 Pesticide Accumulation In Animals ............... 17 Major Ant Pests ....................................... 43 Groundwater ........................................... 18 Ant Management ..................................... 44 Surface Water ......................................... 18 Special Management Considerations ............ 47 CHAPTER 4 CHAPTER 8 INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT NUISANCE FLIES Learning Objectives .................................. 21 Learning Objectives .................................. 49 A Systematic Approach .............................. 21 General Biology ....................................... 49 Pest Identification .................................... 22 Fly Management ...................................... 50 Pest Life Cycles ........................................ 22 Site Inspection And Monitoring ................... 22 Action Thresholds .................................... 23 Pesticide Use ........................................... 24 CHAPTER 9 CHAPTER 13 STORED PRODUCT PESTS SPIDERS Learning Objectives .................................. 53 Learning Objectives .................................. 81 Food Pantry Pests .................................... 53 Overview ................................................ 81 Fabric Pests ............................................ 54 Poisonous Species .................................... 82 Paper Pests ............................................. 54 Spider Management ................................. 84 Managing Stored Product Pests .................. 54 CHAPTER 14 CHAPTER 10 RODENTS ACCIDENTAL INVADERS Learning Objectives .................................. 85 Learning Objectives .................................. 57 Overview ................................................ 86 Overview ............................................... 57 Major Rodent Pests .................................. 86 Managing Accidental Invaders .................... 58 Capabilities ............................................. 88 Senses .................................................... 88 Abilities .................................................. 89 CHAPTER 11 Behavior ................................................. 90 BLOOD-FEEDING PESTS Signs of Infestation ................................... 91 Learning Objectives .................................. 61 Managing Rodents ................................... 94 Overview ............................................... 61 Secondary Hazards of Rodenticides ............. 103 Ticks ...................................................... 62 Tick Management .................................... 62 Fleas ...................................................... 63 CHAPTER 15 Flea Management .................................... 64 OTHER VERTEBRATE PESTS Bed Bugs ................................................ 66 Learning Objectives .................................. 105 Bed Bug Management .............................. 67 Overview ................................................ 105 Lice ....................................................... 69 Birds ...................................................... 106 Human Lice Management .......................... 70 Bats ....................................................... 109 Mosquitoes ............................................ 70 Tree Squirrels .......................................... 111 Mosquito Management ............................. 70 Snakes ................................................... 112 Skunks ................................................... 112 Raccoons ................................................ 113 CHAPTER 12 Opossums ............................................... 114 STINGING PESTS Managing Skunks, Forward ................................................. 73 Raccoons,and Opossums ........................... 114 Bees ...................................................... 73 Wasps ................................................... 75 Managing Stinging Pests ............................ 79 Preface This Category 7: Structural and Health-Related Pesticide Safety Study Guide is designed for individuals preparing to take the Utah commercial and non-commercial Category 7: Structural and Health-Related exam. For more information regarding certification and licensing of pesticide applicators in Utah, see the Utah Department of Agriculture and Food website. This edition of the Category 7 Study Guide is a major rewrite of the previous manual. It represents a close cooperation with leaders in the green industries of Utah, Utah State University (USU) Extension, and the Utah Department of Agriculture and Food (UDAF), as well as with the Pesticide Safety Education Program (PSEP) from other states. This cooperative effort expands our access to a broader array of expertise and resources. This project is facilitated by the PSEP, part of the Utah State University Extension. USU PSEP neither endorses nor opposes the use of pesticides. USU PSEP's two primary goals include helping pest managers (1) determine when to use a pesticide, and (2) develop knowledge and skills to handle pesticides legally, safely, and responsibly. Discard the old study guide materials for this category and off them for paper recycling. We plan to revise and update this study guide in future years. Feedback from manual users is the most valuable source of information for improving the manual as a training, education, and reference tool. We welcome comments from users of this manual, both what you have found useful and suggestions for improvement. Send comments about this manual to: Michael R. Wierda Ph.D. Utah State University, Extension Assistant Professor, Pesticide Safety Education Program Director Davis County Extension, 80 E. 725 S. Sego Lily Dr., Suite B, Kaysville, UT 84037 [email protected] Office: 435-919-1270 Authors Michael R Wierda, Ph.D., Extension Assistant Professor, Pesticide Safety Education Program Director Marion Murray, Professional Practice Extension Assistant Professor Ryan Davis, M.S., Entomologist Sheriden Hansen, Extension Assistant Professor, Horticulture Taun Beddes, Extension Assistant Professor, Horticulture Major Sources Arling, M., Bauer, E., & Black, C. (2014). National Pesticide Applicator Certification Manual, 2nd ed. National Association of State Departments of Agriculture (NASDA) Foundation. Shour, Mark. (2013, July). "General and household pest management." Category 7A commerical pesticide applicator manual. Iowa State University Extension. https://store.extension.iastate.edu/product/Category-7A-General-and- Household-Pest-Management-Iowa-Commercial-Pesticide-Applicator-Manual Tomasko, S., Nice, G., Liesch, Drake, D., Snyder, T. (2017-2022). Structural Pest Control, Commercial Cat. 7.1, University of Wisconsin Pesticide Applicator Training Program, 8th ed. https://fyi.extension.wisc.edu/pat/files/2017/07/Structrual-small- cover.jpg Chapter 1 CHAPTER 1 Introduction FORWARD Category 7: “Structural and Health-Related” is the second-largest pesticide license category in Utah. This category covers pesticide applications in, on, or around food handling establishments, human dwellings, institutions such as schools, hospitals, industrial establishments, warehouses, storage units, and any other related public or private areas. It is not for termites or structural wood- infesting pests. Whether you are a new or experienced applicator, you can take pride in your contributions to the quality of life enjoyed in Utah. Your efforts help protect our homes, institutions, restaurants, industrial establishments, and more from public health and structural threats posed by pests. INTRODUCTION Household pests cause damage to be a nuisance to people by their our food, health, and property, with presence, detracting from their management costs exceeding billions overall quality of life. of dollars annually. Losses resulting from insect and rodent damage to stored food alone exceed $1 billion Purpose of the each year. Pests may also transmit Study