VOLUME 13, NUMBER 2, JULY 2020 IMPACT OF IMMIGRATION ON EUROPE AND ITS APPROACH TOWARDS THE MIGRATION (EUROPEAN UNION STATES vs VISEGRAD GROUP COUNTRIES) Peter CSANYI FIRST AS TRAGEDY, THEN AS FARCE: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF RIGHT-WING POPULISM IN HUNGARY AND POLAND Jakub SZABÓ EUROPEAN CONTEXT OF REGIONAL GERMAN POLICY IN CENTRAL ASIA Bakhytgul B. KASSENOVA, Raushan S. YELMURZAYEVA, Rabiga K. BAIMBETOVA, Zhaslan Y. NURBAYEV and Gulnara E. IBRAGIMOVA ADMINISTRATIVE BURDENS FROM THE SERVICE USERS' PERSPECTIVE Ruzhdi HALILI FINANCIAL AUTONOMY OF THE SLOVENIAN LOCAL GOVERNMENT Miro HAČEK ANCHORING POLITICAL CHANGE: ADAPTIVE GOVERNMENT IN THE CLASSICAL WORLD Olivier HEKSTER JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE POLITICS 2 EDITORIAL TEAM Editor-in-Chief General Editor Miro Haček Peter Csányi ................................................................. ................................................................ University of Ljubljana University of Economics in Bratislava Faculty of social sciences, CAAPPI Faculty of International Relations Kardeljeva ploščad 5 Dolnozemská 1, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia 852 35 Bratislava 5, Slovakia [email protected] [email protected] General Editor General Editor Jurij Toplak Simona Kukovič .................................................................. .................................................................. Alma Mater Europa ea University of Ljubljana European Center Maribor (AMEU-ECM) Faculty of social sciences, CAAPPI Gosposka ulica 1 Kardeljeva ploščad 5 2000 Maribor, Slovenia 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia [email protected] [email protected] ...................................................................................... Articles appearing in JCP, are abstracted and indexed in following bibliographical databases: Scopus (SNIP IF=0.55/2018), Web of Science ESCI, ERIH PLUS, EBSCO, International Political Science Abstracts, ProQuest Political Science, International Bibliography of Social Sciences (IBSS), JournalSeek, UlrichsWeb, I2OR Database and Universal Impact Factor. EDITORIAL BOARD Marjan BREZOVŠEK, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia Ladislav CABADA, Metropolitan University Prague, Czech Republic Fernando CASAL BERTOA, University of Nottingham, UK Đorđe GARDAŠEVIĆ, University of Zagreb, Croatia ViCtoria GRAHAM, University of Johannesburg, South Africa Pavol HRIVIK, Alexander Dubcek University of Trenčin, Slovakia Lars JOHANNSEN, Aarhus University, Denmark Kenneth KA-LOK CHAN, Hong Kong Baptist University, China Damir KAPIDŽIĆ, University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina Rudolf KUCHARČÍK, University of Economics Bratislava, Slovakia Lisa MCINTOSH SUNDSTROM, University of British Columbia, Canada RiCCardo PELIZZO, Nazarbayev University, Kazakhstan EriC PHÉLIPPEAU, University Paris Nanterre, France Meredith REDLIN, South Dakota State University, USA Andrius ŠUMINAS, Vilnius University, Lithuania MiChael TKACIK, Stephen F. Austin State University, USA Taro TSUKIMURA, Doshisha University Kyoto, Japan Pablo VIDAL, Catholic University of Valencia, Spain Nebojša VLADISLAVLJEVIĆ, University of Belgrade, Serbia Werner WEIDENFELD, University of Munich, Germany Reuben WONG, National University of Singapore, Singapore George Vital ZAMMIT, University of Malta, Malta Mattia ZULIANELLO, University of Birmingham, UK CO-PUBLISHERS Faculty of International Relations University of Economics in Bratislava Dolnozemská 1, 852 35 Bratislava 5, Slovakia Centre for analysis of administrative-political processes and institutions (CAAPPI) University of Ljubljana, Faculty of social sciences Kardeljeva ploščad 5, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia Alma Mater Europaea - European Center Maribor (AMEU-ECM) Gosposka ulica 1, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia DESIGN CAAPPI, Ljubljana. Journal of Comparative Politics is published twice a year, in January and July. JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE POLITICS 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS 4 IMPACT OF IMMIGRATION ON EUROPE AND ITS APPROACH TOWARDS THE MIGRATION (EUROPEAN UNION STATES VS VISEGRAD GROUP COUNTRIES) Peter CSANYI ............................................................................................................................................................................ 24 FIRST AS TRAGEDY, THEN AS FARCE: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF RIGHT-WING POPULISM IN HUNGARY AND POLAND Jakub SZABÓ ............................................................................................................................................................................ 43 EUROPEAN CONTEXT OF REGIONAL GERMAN POLICY IN CENTRAL ASIA Bakhytgul B. KASSENOVA, Raushan S. YELMURZAYEVA, Rabiga K. BAIMBETOVA, Zhaslan Y. NURBAYEV and Gulnara E. IBRAGIMOVA ............................................................................................................................................................................ 65 ADMINISTRATIVE BURDENS FROM THE SERVICE USERS' PERSPECTIVE Ruzhdi HALILI ............................................................................................................................................................................ 86 FINANCIAL AUTONOMY OF THE SLOVENIAN LOCAL GOVERNMENT Miro HAČEK ............................................................................................................................................................................ 99 ANCHORING POLITICAL CHANGE: ADAPTIVE GOVERNMENT IN THE CLASSICAL WORLD Olivier HEKSTER ............................................................................................................................................................................ PARTICIPATE For further information on submissions, please consult the guidelines at http://www.jofcp.org. JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE POLITICS 4 IMPACT OF IMMIGRATION ON EUROPE AND ITS APPROACH TOWARDS THE MIGRATION (EUROPEAN UNION STATES VS VISEGRAD GROUP COUNTRIES) Peter CSANYI1 ……………………………………………………………………….…………………………………… The current European refugee crisis is first and foremost a humanitarian crisis. This article addresses the difficulties the European Union (EU) faces in building a proper Common Migration and Asylum Policy. The author argues that the problem here lies in the different approaches towards migration held by EU member states. Different migratory traditions are one of the key issues related to the misunderstanding among the states. Their approaches are determined by their geographical locations and migration histories. The member states use the same concepts and terms when discussing migration; however, the meanings of these concepts and terms are not equivalent, as each state uses them differently. The main aim of this article is to analyse, compare and, hopefully, to give some clarity to the positions held by the most of EU member states and particularly the Visegrad Group countries (V4). Even though apparently, they hold opposite positions towards migration, the study finds that they share some common features such as a denial of being an asylum country and the absence of a related public policy. Probably the most important conclusion has to do with the fact that these two group of countries are appealing to a “selective solidarity principle” depending on the circumstances. Key words: immigration; refugees; European Union; Visegrad Group; quotas. 1 IMMIGRANTS IN EUROPE Immigration is deeply rooted in European history. When considering the social impact of immigration, literature on the economies is widespread, however, even here, there are still various areas waiting for further investigation. In addition, the diversity of legal and organizational frameworks makes a comparison 1 Peter CSANYI, PhD, is an Assistant Professor in the Department of International Political Relations, Faculty of International Relations at the University of Economics in Bratislava, Slovakia. Contact: [email protected] JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE POLITICS 5 between European countries difficult. The economic transitions underway are influenced by immigration. This is the case in the labour markets, concerning job opportunities, unemployment, incomes, formal and informal activities, sectoral divisions, trade orientation, competition, as well as import and export. Immigration is changing the patterns and sizes of consumption. Immigrant small businesses and ethnic entrepreneurship are playing an increasing role. Immigrants have had an impact on the cultural contexts in European societies in various ways. One obvious area concerns the changing food production and consumption patterns. Another area concerns sports. The impact becomes obvious when one looks at the activities of immigrants in amateur sport associations and clubs, but also when one analyses the impact of immigrants on the professional sports industry. A third area concerns fashion. Every day, cultural change takes place with regard to fashion, and immigration has influenced the changes in the last decades. Immigration clearly has an impact on the political discourse in European societies. As a prominent eXample, the political participation of immigrants has been debated in the context of awarding voting rights in most of the European countries. This includes creating institutions of participation, including parliamentary and advisory instruments for migrants. A wide variety of civil society institutions and migrant self- organizations have facilitated the political participation of immigrants as well. Systematic research is still lacking with regards to the political participation of immigrants in trade unions. To sum up, European societies have changed obviously under the influences