Georgia State University ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University Public Health Theses School of Public Health 1-6-2012 A Survey of Point of Use Household Water Treatment Options for Rural South India Kendralyn G. Jeffreys Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/iph_theses Part of the Public Health Commons Recommended Citation Jeffreys, Kendralyn G., "A Survey of Point of Use Household Water Treatment Options for Rural South India." Thesis, Georgia State University, 2012. https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/iph_theses/190 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the School of Public Health at ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Public Health Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A Survey of Point of Use Household Water Treatment Options for Rural South India Kendralyn G. Jeffreys Table of Contents INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................5 Purpose ..........................................................................................................................................................................6 The Need for Household Water Treatment....................................................................................................6 WATER IN INDIA ..........................................................................................................8 The Physical Environment.....................................................................................................................................8 Politics and Water .....................................................................................................................................................8 Common Water Sources in Rural India............................................................................................................9 Water Storage Practices in Southern India ................................................................................................. 10 Sanitation and Hygiene Practices .................................................................................................................... 11 Cultural Beliefs about Diarrhea........................................................................................................................ 13 Cultural Beliefs about Water.............................................................................................................................. 13 POINT OF USE HOUSEHOLD WATER TREATMENT OPTIONS OVERVIEW ......................15 Chlorine Disinfectant with Safe Water Storage ......................................................................................... 16 Description.................................................................................................................................................................16 Use in India ................................................................................................................................................................17 Cost................................................................................................................................................................................18 Advantages.................................................................................................................................................................18 Disadvantages ..........................................................................................................................................................18 Chlorine-Flocculant Sachets............................................................................................................................... 19 Description.................................................................................................................................................................19 Use in India ................................................................................................................................................................20 Cost................................................................................................................................................................................20 Advantages.................................................................................................................................................................20 Disadvantages ..........................................................................................................................................................21 Biosand Filters ......................................................................................................................................................... 22 Description.................................................................................................................................................................22 Use in India ................................................................................................................................................................23 Cost................................................................................................................................................................................24 Advantages.................................................................................................................................................................24 Disadvantages ..........................................................................................................................................................24 Ceramic Filters......................................................................................................................................................... 25 Description.................................................................................................................................................................25 Use in India ................................................................................................................................................................26 Cost................................................................................................................................................................................26 Advantages.................................................................................................................................................................26 Disadvantages ..........................................................................................................................................................26 Solar Water Disinfection (SODIS).................................................................................................................... 28 Description.................................................................................................................................................................28 Use in India ................................................................................................................................................................29 Cost................................................................................................................................................................................29 Advantages.................................................................................................................................................................29 Disadvantages ..........................................................................................................................................................29 Boiling.......................................................................................................................................................................... 30 Description.................................................................................................................................................................30 Use in India ................................................................................................................................................................30 Cost................................................................................................................................................................................30 2 Advantages.................................................................................................................................................................30 Disadvantages ..........................................................................................................................................................31 POU Options At-A-Glance.................................................................................................................................... 31 CASE STUDY: VILLAGE X, NELLORE DISTRICT, ANDHRA PRADESH, INDIA.....................32 Location ...................................................................................................................................................................... 34 Language..................................................................................................................................................................... 34 Economy ....................................................................................................................................................................