TRANSACTIONS OF THE WOOLHOPE NATURALISTS’ FIELD CLUB HEREFORDSHIRE "HOPE ON" "HOPE EVER" ESTABLISHED 1851 VOLUME 54 2006 Woolhope Naturalists’ Field Club 2006 ©2007 All contributions to The Woolhope Transactions are COPYRIGHT. None of them may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior permission of the writers. Applications to reproduce contributions, in whole or in part, should be addressed, in the first instance, to the current editor: Mrs. R. A. Lowe, Charlton, Goodrich, Ross-on-Wye, Herefordshire, HR9 6JF. The Woolhope Naturalists’ Field Club is not responsible for any statement made, or opinion expressed, in these Transactions; the authors alone are responsible for their own papers and reports. Registered Charity No. 521000 website: www.woolhopeclub.org.uk TABLE OF CONTENTS Page List of Officers, 2006/2007 ......................................................................................................... 1 Obituary - Dr. Frank W. Pexton .................................................................................................. 2 Proceedings, 2006 ....................................................................................................................... 3 Accounts, 2006 ......................................................................................................................... 12 Biographical Details of Contributors ........................................................................................ 13 An early 18th-century dovecote at Burghill by Frank Pexton & John McCann ....................... 15 The history and construction of the dovecote at Burghill is described, with much useful information on the design and use of dovecotes. Some documents and episodes relating to the Godwin tile manufactories at Withington and Holmer by Margaret A. V. Gill .......................................................................................... 25 The tiles from the Godwin family’s works decorate many Herefordshire buildings. This article describes the fluctuating fortunes of the business from its foundation in the 1850s until the Godwin name disappeared in the 1920s. It is illustrated with many examples of Godwin tiles and pictures and plans of the factories. Franklin, Barnes - The Crystal Rooms, Hereford by John Van Laun ....................................... 43 For seventy years Hereford’s Bridge Street has been enlivened by the Art Deco façade of Franklin, Barnes, later ‘The Crystal Rooms’. The site has been redeveloped, the façade only being retained. This article examines the history of the building, and illustrates some interesting design features. Violence and affray in Herefordshire during the early Tudor period (1485-1547) by Ryan Rowberry ..................................................................................................................... 51 The counties in the Welsh Marches have often been accused of disorder and violence in the early Tudor period. This paper examines contemporary evidence to see whether this is true for Herefordshire, or whether political ‘spin’ was at work. It is illustrated with examples of a number of cases. Herefordshire farmsteads in their agrarian context by Joan E. Grundy .................................... 71 This paper explores the development of Herefordshire farmsteads from the late 16th to the 20th century. Four building types—the barn, sheepcot, hop kiln and Dutch barn—are examined in more detail. Page Reports of Sectional Recorders Archaeology, 2006 .................................................................................................................. 101 Buildings, 2006 ....................................................................................................................... 119 Natural History, 2006 .............................................................................................................. 121 Mammals, 2006 ....................................................................................................................... 127 Ornithology, 2006 ................................................................................................................... 129 Weather Statistics, 2006 .......................................................................................................... 133 Index, 2006 ............................................................................................................................. 135 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS AND TABLES An early 18th-century dovecote at Burghill Page Fig. 1 The dovecote at Burghill Grange, Burghill, from the north-west 16 2 The roof and lantern, converted from the original louver 17 3 The brick arch and pegged oak door-frame 17 4 The door with fleur-de-lis strap hinges, and part of the re-used ladder 17 5 The five upper tiers of nest-holes and the halved tie-beams which supported 18 the upper bearing of the revolving ladder 6 Nest-holes in the present middle storey 19 7 The original structure of the roof and louver 20 8 The upper bearing of the revolving ladder 21 9 The stone which held the lower bearing of the revolving ladder 21 The Godwin tile manufactories at Withington and Holmer Fig. 1 Early Godwin tile with original design 26 2 Nine-tile set of early Godwin 6 inch encaustic tiles: St. Michael’s church 26 Clyro 3 Sixteen-tile set of 4¼ inch tiles by Godwin & Son: St. James’s church 26 Hereford 4 Domestic 6 inch tile by Godwin & Son: All Saints’ church Glasbury-on- 26 Wye 5 Lugwardine Tile Works at Withington: vignette 1915-6 28 6 Lugwardine Tile Works adjacent to Withington railway station: OS 1904 28 7 Auction catalogue of 1912: the layout of the Lugwardine Tile Works 28 8 Auction catalogue of 1912, p.4: schedule and measurements of the rooms 29 in the Lugwardine Tile Works 9 As Fig. 8, p.5 29 3 Page The Godwin Tile Manufactories at Withington and Holmer (contd.) 10 Engraving from Hereford Illustrated (1892), showing a bird’s-eye view of 34 the Victoria Tile Works at Holmer near Hereford 11 Detail from 1904 Ordnance survey map showing the Victoria Tile Works 34 12 Endpaper inside back cover of H. & G. Thynne’s Flanders Lustre 35 Fireplaces showing a bird’s-eye view of the Withington Works 13 As Fig. 12, endpaper inside front cover showing a bird’s-eye view of the 36 Holmer Works 14 Selection of 4¼ inch two-colour tiles from Lugwardine chapel 37 15 Selection of 6 inch two-colour tiles from Lugwardine chapel laid in 1897 38 16 Selection of 4¼ inch red-and-buff tiles from St. Peter’s church, Hereford 39 17 Selection of 1½, 3 and 4¼ inch square, and 6 x 1½ or x 3 inch rectangular 40 red-and-buff tiles from St. James’s church, Hereford 18 Lugwardine chapel, 8 ½ inch polychrome Godwin tile 41 Franklin, Barnes - The Crystal Rooms Fig. 1 Map of Crystal Rooms site 44 2 Shopfront, 1929 Franklin, Barnes catalogue 44 3 Early version of front elevation 45 4 Another (polychrome) version of front elevation 45 5 The architect’s final design for the Art Deco front 45 6 Franklin, Barnes as built 46 7 Art Deco vents in the ground dado on the front elevation 46 8 Re-used light fitting 46 9 Gonella mural: jazz band 47 10 Gonella mural: flamenco dancers 47 11 Gonella mural: Music Hall duo 47 12 Gonella mural sequence 47 13 View along Franklin, Barnes roof towards Bridge St. Wesleyan chapel 48 14 View along Franklin, Barnes roof towards the polychrome warehouse 48 15 Warehouse 1929 49 16 Blocked windows of warehouse 49 Violence and affray in Herefordshire 1485-1547 Fig. 1 Map of Herefordshire showing the lands added to the county in 1535 54 2 Map of the Liberties of Hereford in the early 16th century (Price, 1802) 56 Herefordshire farmsteads in their agrarian context Fig. 1 Farm buildings at Black Hall, Kings Pyon in 1973 72 2 Farm buildings at Monksbury Court, Yarkhill, 1649-2005 79 3 Monksbury Court, Yarkill in 2000 80 4 Manor of Brockbury, Colwall, estate plan, 1758 81 5 Barn at Weston Court, Pembridge in 2003 84 6 The horse engine house at Hill End, Weston Beggard in 1992 85 7 A possible sheepcot in the Leadon valley in 1985 87 8 Round hop kilns at Brook Farm, Little Marcle in 2002 89 9 Hop kilns at Brookhouse Farm, Moreton on Lugg in 2005 90 10 Hop kilns at St. Donat’s Farm, Burghill in 2001 90 11 Hop kiln at Eastwood Farm, Tarrington in 1973 91 12a Town’s End, Stretton Grandison. Upgrading of farm buildings in the 19th 92 12b and 20th centuries 93 13 The most common type of Herefordshire Dutch barn construction 94 14 An unusual Dutch barn 94 15 Dutch barn by Perkins & Bellamy of Ross 94 16a Rosemaund, Felton: farmstead in 1950... 96 16b ...and in 2006 97 Table 1 Farm buildings with named functions on 3 manors 16th-mid-17th centuries 74 2 Glebe terriers before 1640: number of buildings per farmstead 75 3 Glebe terriers before 1640: farm buildings with named function 75 4 Glebe terriers before 1640: buildings, materials and layout of farmsteads 76 5 Moccas estate, size of tenanted holdings 77 6 Landownership in three English historic counties, 1873 82 Archaeology, 2006 Fig. 1 Carving embedded in the wall of Upton Bishop church 116 LIST OF OFFICERS 2006/07 President: Dr. J.C. EISEL Vice-presidents: Dr. P.A. OLVER, Mr. J.G. HILLABY, Mr. B.S. SMITH, Mrs. R.E. SKELTON Central Committee: Dr. Mrs. A.D. BRIAN, Mr. G. CHARNOCK, Mrs. J.E. O’DONNELL, Mrs. M. JENKINS (to retire 2007); Mr. J.G. CALDERBANK, Mrs. R.A. LOWE, Dr. D. FOXTON, Mr. D. WHITEHEAD (to retire 2008 ); Mr. C.E. ATTFIELD, Miss J.R. JONSON,