N° 38 November 2014 EuropeanEuropean GeologistGeologist Journal of the European Federation of Geologists Geoarchaeology - Reconstructing our early history th Earth Science and GIS Software 3ANNIVERSARY0 ® $ ROCKWORKS • Starting at 700 RockWorks provides visualization and modeling of spatial and subsurface data. Save time and money, increase profitability, and provide a competitive edge through high-quality graphics, models, and plots. Mapping Tools • Multiple components in pie chart, spider maps and point maps • Topographic contour maps with lines and color fills • 3D surface displays and point maps • Strike and dip maps in 2D and 3D • Coordinate systems: longitude/latitude, UTM and local • Multiple geographic datums for geo referenced output FREE • EarthApps–maps and images for display in Google Earth Borehole Database Tools • Cross sections and borehole logs in 2D and 3D with lithology, stratigraphy, curves, water levels, bar graphs and color intervals • 3D fence diagrams • Surface modeling of stratigraphic layers and water levels • Solid modeling of lithologic materials, fractures, and geophysical, geotechnical, geochemical data • Geology maps: plan slices from stratigraphy or lithology models • Volume reports of lithologic, stratigraphic and excavation models • Fracture display and modeling, stereonet maps and rose diagram maps Other Tools • Sieve diagrams, ternary diagrams, stereonet and rose diagrams • Slope/aspect analysis on grid models • Predictive tools: lithology materials from curves, interval data (porosities, strength, cohesion) from lithology • Composite scenes in 3D with maps, logs, surfaces and solids • Google Earth output directly from data: points, cones, lines, polygons, images and flyoversFREE Download FREE Trial at www.RockWare.com 2221 East Street // Golden CO 80401 U.S.A. // t: 800.775.6745 // f: 303.278.4099 2 6944 C ureglia S witzerland // +41 91 967 52 53 // F: +41 91 967 55 50 th Contents Earth Science and GIS Software ANNIVERSARY 3 Foreword 0 Vítor Correia 4 Topical - Geoarchaeology ® $ Reconstruction of agrarian practice and land impact in the ROCKWORKS • Starting at 700 drylands: A geoarchaeological approach M. M. Sampietro Vattuone, J. L. Peña Monné, J. Roldán & M. G. Maldonado 5 RockWorks provides visualization and modeling of Earth sciences in Walloon archaeology: Four examples of co-operation spatial and subsurface data. Save time and money, O. Collette, E. Goemaere , D. Pacyna , S. Pirson & P. Spagna 9 increase profitability, and provide a competitive edge Unraveling geological and geographical provenances of lithic materials through high-quality graphics, models, and plots. during Roman times in Belgium: a fruitful collaboration between geologists and archaeologists Mapping Tools R. Dreesen, C. Coquelet, G. Creemers, W. De Clercq, G. Fronteau, T. Gluhak, E. Hartoch, P. Henrich, J.-D. Lafitte, P. Picavet, S. Reniere, V. Ruppiene, • Multiple components in pie chart, spider maps and point maps A. Thiébaux, A. Vanderhoeven, G. Vynckier & E. Goemaere 14 • Topographic contour maps with lines and color fills Geoarchaeology of “anthropogenic” travertine: a story of water • 3D surface displays and point maps and life etched in stone • Strike and dip maps in 2D and 3D J. Curie & C. Petit 21 • Coordinate systems: longitude/latitude, UTM and local The vitrified Bronze Age fortification of Bernstorf (Bavaria, Germany) • Multiple geographic datums for geo referenced output FREE – an integrated geoarchaeological approach • EarthApps–maps and images for display in Google Earth A. Röpke & C. Dietl 25 From historical hydrogeological inventory through GIS mapping to Borehole Database Tools problem solving in urban groundwater systems • Cross sections and borehole logs in 2D and 3D with lithology, H. I. Chaminé, M. José Afonso & L. Freitas 33 stratigraphy, curves, water levels, bar graphs and color intervals Geoarchaeological and paleoenvironmental reconstructions • 3D fence diagrams through evolutionary models: dryland applications Peer reviewers: J.L. Peña-Monné & M.M. Sampietro-Vattuone 40 We would like to express a particular thanks to all • Surface modeling of stratigraphic layers and water levels those who participated in the peer reviewing of this • Solid modeling of lithologic materials, fractures, and The geology of the Acropolis (Athens, Greece) issue and thus contribute to the improvement of M. Regueiro, M. Stamatakis & K. Laskaridis 45 the standards of the European Geologist magazine. geophysical, geotechnical, geochemical data The content of this issue has been reviewed by H. • Geology maps: plan slices from stratigraphy or lithology models How rocks were used: an archaeopetrographic history of the middle Baitinger, R. Banerjea, C. Billiard, J. Bintliff, J. P. Calvo, L. Deschodt, K. Kovacs, V. Nesterow, K. Pavlopoulos, • Volume reports of lithologic, stratigraphic and excavation models Dnipro area, Ukraine I. Nikitenk 54 M. Petitta, R. Ventura. • Fracture display and modeling, stereonet maps and rose diagram maps Geoarchaeology at the microscale Advertisers: L-M. Shillito 59 Rockware (pages 2 and 80); MOL (page 54). Cover photo: Other Tools Archaeogeology, Conservation Challenges, and Contemporary Lessons © Geert Vynckier, Flanders Heritage Agency, • Sieve diagrams, ternary diagrams, stereonet and rose diagrams of the UNESCO World Heritage Site at Petra, Hashemite Kingdom of Brussels, Belgium. Mosaic, Roman house, Jordan Hondsstraat Tongeren. • Slope/aspect analysis on grid models B. P. Popkin 63 • Predictive tools: lithology materials from curves, interval data © Copyright 2014 The European Federation of Geologists. (porosities, strength, cohesion) from lithology EFG Member initiatives All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or • Composite scenes in 3D with maps, logs, surfaces and solids transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No responsibility • Google Earth output directly from data: points, cones, lines, Primary geological education in Ukraine G. Liventseva & M. Krochak 70 is assumed by the Publisher for any injury and/ polygons, images and flyoversFREE or damage to persons or property as a matter News of products liability, negligence, or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, Bringing Earth Sciences to the public through actions designed to raise products, instructions or ideas contained in the interest in geosciences material herein. Although all advertising material is expected to conform to ethical (medical) standards, B. Bodo & A. Cseko 73 inclusion in this publication does not constitute a guarantee or endorsement of the quality or Book review value of such product or of the claims made by I. Fernández Fuentes 74 its manufacturer. Download FREE Trial at www.RockWare.com ISSN: 1028 - 267X News corner 2221 East Street // Golden CO 80401 U.S.A. // t: 800.775.6745 // f: 303.278.4099 EFG Office 74 6944 Cureglia Switzerland // +41 91 967 52 53 // F: +41 91 967 55 50 European Geologist 38 | November 2014 3 EUROPEAN GEOLOGIST Foreword is published by the EurGeol. Vítor Correia, EFG President European Federation of Geologists C/O Service Géologique de Belgique Rue Jenner 13 B-1000 Bruxelles, Belgium must start by saying I found the theme of this edition of Tel: +32 2 7887636 European Geologist fascinating. I don’t say it because I have [email protected] a special interest in archaeology but because, reading the www.eurogeologists.eu Iarticles enclosed, I found myself surprised by the glimpses from the past the authors are offering to us by blending – with large doses of research and knowledge involved – geology EFG BOARD and archaeology. The themes are vast, from the Neolithic to the Bronze Age, or from Petra to Roman monuments PRESIDENT (and thermal baths), passing by the Greek Acropolis, and EurGeol. Vítor Correia the methods of study range from magnetic susceptibility to [email protected] geomorphology or micromorphology. This reminds me that one of the most interesting facts about geological processes 1 VICE-PRESIDENT and their study is its scale : from the atoms to the stars, geoscientists encompass all sizes. And by combining scale with the huge number of existing physical and EurGeol. Nieves Sánchez chemical processes (and also the aims of investigation), geology becomes a greatly [email protected] diversified science. But the distinctive aspect of geology is, in my opinion, its reasoning. I fully agree SECRETARY-GENERAL with Robert Frodeman, an American philosopher, who wrote2 “Facing the difficulties EurGeol. Domenico Calcaterra of modeling the geologic past because of problems of temporal and spatial scale and the [email protected] singularity and complexity of geologic events, the geologist turns to other types of expla- nation, such as reasoning by analogy, the method of hypothesis, and eliminative induc- TREASURER tion”. Frodeman stated that geological reasoning combines logical procedures, some Bob Hoogendoorn shared with the experimental sciences, while others are more typical of the humanities [email protected] in general and Continental Philosophy in particular. Naturally this combination of techniques is not utterly unique to geology and such a combination is present to one EXTERNAL RELATIONS OFFICER degree or another in most types of thinking, scientific or otherwise. But Frodeman EurGeol. Éva Hartai claimed (and I trust all geoscientists will agree) that such a combination is especially [email protected] characteristic