THE RECEPTION OF (NON)PROFESSIONAL SUBTITLING. David Orrego-Carmona Dipòsit Legal: T 995-2015 ADVERTIMENT. L'accés als continguts d'aquesta tesi doctoral i la seva utilització ha de respectar els drets de la persona autora. Pot ser utilitzada per a consulta o estudi personal, així com en activitats o materials d'investigació i docència en els termes establerts a l'art. 32 del Text Refós de la Llei de Propietat Intel·lectual (RDL 1/1996). Per altres utilitzacions es requereix l'autorització prèvia i expressa de la persona autora. En qualsevol cas, en la utilització dels seus continguts caldrà indicar de forma clara el nom i cognoms de la persona autora i el títol de la tesi doctoral. No s'autoritza la seva reproducció o altres formes d'explotació efectuades amb finalitats de lucre ni la seva comunicació pública des d'un lloc aliè al servei TDX. Tampoc s'autoritza la presentació del seu contingut en una finestra o marc aliè a TDX (framing). Aquesta reserva de drets afecta tant als continguts de la tesi com als seus resums i índexs. ADVERTENCIA. El acceso a los contenidos de esta tesis doctoral y su utilización debe respetar los derechos de la persona autora. Puede ser utilizada para consulta o estudio personal, así como en actividades o materiales de investigación y docencia en los términos establecidos en el art. 32 del Texto Refundido de la Ley de Propiedad Intelectual (RDL 1/1996). Para otros usos se requiere la autorización previa y expresa de la persona autora. En cualquier caso, en la utilización de sus contenidos se deberá indicar de forma clara el nombre y apellidos de la persona autora y el título de la tesis doctoral. No se autoriza su reproducción u otras formas de explotación efectuadas con fines lucrativos ni su comunicación pública desde un sitio ajeno al servicio TDR. Tampoco se autoriza la presentación de su contenido en una ventana o marco ajeno a TDR (framing). Esta reserva de derechos afecta tanto al contenido de la tesis como a sus resúmenes e índices. WARNING. Access to the contents of this doctoral thesis and its use must respect the rights of the author. It can be used for reference or private study, as well as research and learning activities or materials in the terms established by the 32nd article of the Spanish Consolidated Copyright Act (RDL 1/1996). Express and previous authorization of the author is required for any other uses. In any case, when using its content, full name of the author and title of the thesis must be clearly indicated. Reproduction or other forms of for profit use or public communication from outside TDX service is not allowed. Presentation of its content in a window or frame external to TDX (framing) is not authorized either. These rights affect both the content of the thesis and its abstracts and indexes. UNIVERSITAT ROVIRA I VIRGILI THE RECEPTION OF (NON)PROFESSIONAL SUBTITLING. David Orrego-Carmona Dipòsit Legal: T 995-2015 UNIVERSITAT ROVIRA I VIRGILI THE RECEPTION OF (NON)PROFESSIONAL SUBTITLING. David Orrego-Carmona Dipòsit Legal: T 995-2015 UNIVERSITAT ROVIRA I VIRGILI THE RECEPTION OF (NON)PROFESSIONAL SUBTITLING. David Orrego-Carmona Dipòsit Legal: T 995-2015 UNIVERSITAT ROVIRA I VIRGILI THE RECEPTION OF (NON)PROFESSIONAL SUBTITLING. David Orrego-Carmona Dipòsit Legal: T 995-2015 David Orrego-Carmona THE RECEPTION OF (NON)PROFESSIONAL SUBTITLING DOCTORAL THESIS Supervised by Professor Anthony Pym Department of English and German Studies Tarragona 2015 UNIVERSITAT ROVIRA I VIRGILI THE RECEPTION OF (NON)PROFESSIONAL SUBTITLING. David Orrego-Carmona Dipòsit Legal: T 995-2015 UNIVERSITAT ROVIRA I VIRGILI THE RECEPTION OF (NON)PROFESSIONAL SUBTITLING. David Orrego-Carmona Dipòsit Legal: T 995-2015 Professor Anthony Pym URV. Av. Catalunya 35 43002 Tarragona, Spain February 27, 2015 I hereby certify that the study The Reception of (Non)Professional Subtitling, presented by David Orrego-Carmona for the award of the degree of Doctor, has been carried out under my supervision at the Department of English and German Studies of the Universitat Rovira i Virgili. The research and the thesis fulfill all the conditions for the award of an INTERNATIONAL DOCTORATE, in accordance with current Spanish legislation. Anthony Pym President Intercultural Studies Group European Society for Universitat Rovira i Virgili Translation Studies Tarragona, Spain UNIVERSITAT ROVIRA I VIRGILI THE RECEPTION OF (NON)PROFESSIONAL SUBTITLING. David Orrego-Carmona Dipòsit Legal: T 995-2015 UNIVERSITAT ROVIRA I VIRGILI THE RECEPTION OF (NON)PROFESSIONAL SUBTITLING. David Orrego-Carmona Dipòsit Legal: T 995-2015 Acknowledgements It is incredible how many people was directly or indirectly involved in this project to whom thanks I extend. Foremost, I am highly indebted to my Doktorvater, Anthony Pym, not only for the constant support, guidance and the insightful revision of my research all these years, but also for putting in place all the system that eventually allowed me to start navigating the waters of academia. This system includes the scholarship grant from the Intercultural Studies Group that has covered my tuition and maintenance for the last four years. I will be forever grateful for the extraordinary opportunity to be paid for studying. Thanks to the staff at the Department of English and German Studies for creating a welcoming and friendly environment. I shared an office with a great group of fellow researchers at the Department: Carlos Teixeira, Esther Torres, Kasia Baran, Andrea Bellot, Nune Ayvazyan and Esmaeil Haddadian. The place resembled a UN assembly and it provided a sense of community and camaraderie. Alberto Fuertes, Alba Escriu and Sara Miguel should be in this group, so thanks to the extended “office 2.20 et al.” Esther took care of the cumbersome bureaucracy, and Carlos and Alberto helped me revise this thesis and provided invaluable feedback. I had the chance to learn from many translation scholars, both during my Masters in Tarragona and at the CETRA Summer School in Leuven, Belgium. It was nice to put faces on the names I had seen on the books, but it was even better to discover how willing they were to share their comprehensive knowledge. A Summer School Grant from the European Society for Translation Studies allowed me to attend CETRA, which proved to be one of the most enriching opportunities during my PhD studies. I would like to thank Dr. Sara Ramos Pinto for her invaluable support and advice throughout the doctorate, starting from the moment I met her in CETRA, when she decided to share her knowledge with a total stranger. On more technical grounds, I would like to acknowledge the help of Marco Porta, who kindly modified his software so I could use it; to Akshay Minocha, who saved me from endless hours of painful manual data preparation, and to Oliver Valero Coppin, for his advice regarding the statistical analysis. Having a space to set up the eye-tracking lab was possible thanks to the people in charge of the Aula d’Anàlisi de la Parla at the Universitat Rovira i Virgili. i UNIVERSITAT ROVIRA I VIRGILI THE RECEPTION OF (NON)PROFESSIONAL SUBTITLING. David Orrego-Carmona Dipòsit Legal: T 995-2015 The most enjoyable part of this PhD has been meeting wonderful people working on Translation Studies or related areas. I wish to warmly thank Dr. Minako O’Hagan and Dr. Sharon O’Brien for welcoming me at Dublin City University, Dr. Elisa Perego and her colleagues for hosting me at the IUSLIT in Trieste, and Dr. Michael Carl and Dr. Srinivas Bangalore for inviting me to participate of the Translation Data Analytics project at Copenhagen Business School. The great people I met at these three places are too numerous to mention by name, but it was a great craic to fare il caffè with you all! Tak! Many aspects of this thesis also took shape through the discussions at various conferences where I presented my work in progress. I am grateful for all the feedback, but extremely happy to count some of the participants at those conferences among my friends. Extraordinarily, I did not only keep my friends from Colombia, but rather multiplied the number of people I call friends, even outside academia. Some of them have been involved in the writing of the thesis, but most of them have simply helped me to stay as sane as possible. To my friends from the Universidad de Antioquia, especially to the study group on audiovisual translation, with whom my passion for audiovisual translation started. To Katherin Pérez and Matthias Apfelthaler, for reading and criticizing pretty much every paper I have written. To David Peláez, for refusing to let me hide in academia by occasionally popping up to take me to the professional translation world. To those who helped me crowdsource proofreading the final version of the thesis on a very short notice. To all the participants who so willingly gave me their time to participate in this project: without your disinterested acts, this research would have been impossible. Finalmente, los mayores agradecimientos son para mi familia. Esta tesis en realidad no empezó conmigo, sus raíces están en todo lo que ellos han hecho para que yo puedo estar aquí. Este es el resultado de las oportunidades que me han brindado, la seguridad que me inculcaron y la libertad que me han dado para pensar por mí mismo. También, gracias a los que no pudieron ver esta tesis terminada: Javiera López, que me llamó doctor desde antes de que yo siquiera pensara tomar este camino, Carlos Cruz y mi papá. ii UNIVERSITAT ROVIRA I VIRGILI THE RECEPTION OF (NON)PROFESSIONAL SUBTITLING. David Orrego-Carmona Dipòsit Legal: T 995-2015 Abstract People all over the world, especially young viewers, rely on non-professional subtitles to access audiovisual content.