CULTURAL RESOURCES REPORT COVER SHEET DAHP Project Number: 2020-04-02572 Author: David Sheldon, M.S. Title of Report: Cultural Survey Report for the Proposed Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory STEM Exploration Center at Hanford near Richland, Benton County, Washington (HCRC#2020-600-004) Date of Report: May 2020 County(ies): Benton Section: 10, 11, 14 Township: 11 North Range: 27 East Quad: Horn Rapids Dam, WA 7.5’ Acres: 25.5 PDF of report submitted (REQUIRED) Yes Historic Property Inventory Forms to be Approved Online? Yes No Archaeological Site(s)/Isolate(s) Found or Amended? Yes No TCP(s) found? Yes No Replace a draft? Yes No Satisfy a DAHP Archaeological Excavation Permit requirement? Yes # No Were Human Remains Found? Yes DAHP Case # No DAHP Archaeological Site #: 45BN2067 • Submission of PDFs is required. • Please be sure that any PDF submitted to DAHP has its cover sheet, figures, graphics, appendices, attachments, correspondence, etc., compiled into one single PDF file. • Please check that the PDF displays correctly when opened. Revised 9-26-2018 Proposed Laser Interferometer Gravitational- Wave Observatory STEM Exploration Center at Hanford near Richland, Benton County, Washington Cultural Survey Report HCRC#2020-600-004 Final May 7, 2020 Prepared for: National Science Foundation Document No. (JETT) Cultural Survey Report HCRC#2020-600-004 Executive Summary The Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) is a national facility for gravitational- wave research. LIGO is funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and operated by the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The interferometer in Hanford, Washington (LIGO Hanford) is located on land owned by the United States and administered by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). Per its 1993 Memorandum of Understanding with DOE, NSF has a permit to use the site for LIGO. The LIGO Hanford facility is approximately 13 miles northwest of the city of Richland in Benton County. The Observatory is adjacent to Hanford Site Route 10, which connects to State Highway 240 approximately 5 miles to the south. In 2019, Caltech received a grant from the State of Washington to construct a LIGO Science Technology, Engineering and Math Exploration Center (LExC) (the Proposed Action) near Richland, Washington, adjacent to the interferometer. LExC would complement and enhance existing education and public outreach by improving STEM opportunities at LIGO Hanford and by accommodating up to 10,000 visitors per year. Pursuant to the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 and Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (NHPA), NSF has conducted a review of potential environmental impacts of the Proposed Action. NSF is the lead federal agency and will coordinate with DOE in the environmental review process. In accordance with Section 106 of the NHPA, NSF initiated consultation with the Washington State Department of Archaeology and Historic Preservation and Area Tribes and provided an Area of Potential Effects (APE) notification. On March 17, 2020, a pedestrian survey was completed to identify historic properties within the APE. Tribal representatives were offered the opportunity to participate in the survey. The pedestrian survey used linear transects spaced at 15-meter intervals across the majority of the APE. Paved areas and one area of steep slope obscured by piled vegetation were not formally surveyed. A single historic site consisting of six fragments of cement irrigation pipe was recorded as historic archaeological site 45BN2067 (temporary site number LIGO20-S-01). While the site is likely to be associated with pre- Hanford-era agriculture, the fragments appear to have been dumped from a nearby roadway. The site was evaluated for listing on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) (54 United States Code Sections 302101–302108) and recommended as ineligible for listing on the NRHP. Pending concurrence from the Washington State Department of Archaeology and Historic Preservation on the eligibility recommendations for site 45BN2067 (temporary site number LIGO20-S-01), Jacobs recommends that the Proposed Action would result in a finding of “No Historic Properties Affected.” FES0414201511TPA ES-1 Cultural Survey Report HCRC#2020-600-004 Contents Executive Summary .............................................................................................................................. ES-1 Acronyms and Abbreviations ................................................................................................................... iii 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 1-1 1.1 Credits and Acknowledgements ...................................................................................... 1-1 2. Project Description ..................................................................................................................... 2-1 2.1 Background ...................................................................................................................... 2-1 2.1.1 The National Science Foundation ....................................................................... 2-1 2.1.2 Proposed LExC ................................................................................................... 2-1 2.2 Project Activities and Elements ........................................................................................ 2-1 2.2.1 Vertical and Horizontal Depth of Disturbance ..................................................... 2-2 2.2.2 Borrow and Staging Areas, Cut and Fill, and Excavation for Utilities ................. 2-2 3. Project Background .................................................................................................................... 3-1 3.1 Location and Size of the Survey Area.............................................................................. 3-1 3.2 Project Proponent, Property Owner, Agency, or Compliance Action .............................. 3-1 3.3 Regulatory Background ................................................................................................... 3-1 3.4 Survey Personnel ............................................................................................................. 3-1 3.5 Other Personnel ............................................................................................................... 3-1 3.6 Chain of Circumstances or Events Prompting the Survey ............................................... 3-1 3.7 Location of Inventory Forms and Report ......................................................................... 3-1 3.8 USGS 7.5 Minute Quad Map ........................................................................................... 3-1 4. Environmental Setting ................................................................................................................ 4-1 4.1 Geomorphology ................................................................................................................ 4-2 4.2 Cultural Setting ................................................................................................................. 4-3 4.2.1 Columbia Plateau/Mid-Columbia Basin Pre-Contact Cultural Sequence ........... 4-3 4.2.2 Ethnographic Period ........................................................................................... 4-4 4.2.3 Euro-American Period ......................................................................................... 4-5 4.2.4 Manhattan Project/Cold War Era ........................................................................ 4-6 5. Literature Review ........................................................................................................................ 5-1 5.1 Existing and Background Data ......................................................................................... 5-1 5.2 Cultural Resources Reports in the Study Area ................................................................ 5-1 5.3 Previously Documented Sites within the Study Area ....................................................... 5-1 5.4 Historic Map Review ........................................................................................................ 5-1 5.4.1 Built Environment ................................................................................................ 5-2 5.5 Aerial Imagery Review ..................................................................................................... 5-2 6. Research Design ......................................................................................................................... 6-1 6.1 Objectives and Expectations ............................................................................................ 6-1 6.1.1 Research Goals and Questions .......................................................................... 6-1 6.2 Field and Laboratory Methodology .................................................................................. 6-2 6.2.1 Proposed Archaeological Survey Methods ......................................................... 6-2 6.2.2 Standing Structure Inventory Method ................................................................. 6-2 6.2.3 Geoarchaeological Techniques for Assessing the Depositional Environment ... 6-2 6.2.4 Methods for Identifying Traditional Cultural Properties ......................................