1 PTScientists GmbH: Mission to the Moon and the return to Apollo 17 Confidential & Proprietary First private mission to Involve “non- land on the Moon traditional” partners Conduct scientific Carry out tech experiments on the demonstration for Moon lunar-surface comms Key technology and mission partners Science and research partners Partnerships and cooperations Space belongs to everyone 6 The Core Technology With our key technological partners Audi, Vodafone and ALINA Audi lunar quattro the support of the European space agency ESA and the German space agency DLR, we developed the space-ready Audi lunar quattro rover and the ALINA spacecraft. ALINA is the autonomous landing and The Audi lunar quattro rover will deploy navigation module capable of and operate a series of technological delivering 1000 kg of payload to the payloads to demonstrate and explore lunar surface. Given it’s modular design new ways to shortcut space exploration. ALINA is compatible with all major launch providers. Confidential & Proprietary 7 The Science & Exploration Study the remains of the Apollo 17 Lunar Roving Vehicle (LRV) left on the surface of the Moon in 1972 Multi-composite structure Aluminum seats & frame Fused silica radiators Fiberglass fenders Nylon seat belts Piano wire tires MLI dust covers Over 46 years of space exposure Confidential & Proprietary 8 The commercial outlook “Moon Village” 2019 2021 2023 2024 onwards 2030 MISSION-1 MISSION-2 MISSION-3 Full OEM “Taurus-Littrow” “Malapert” “ESA-ISRU” Mission architecture • 11.5 days, 2 Rovers at Apollo • Dedicated ISRU polar mission • ESA lead ISRU mission to • Conduct at least 1 lunar 17 • Multi year mission extract water in the south polar mission per year from • 250kg of payloads • Long lasting installation and region 2024 onwards • Technology demonstration, services e.g. a lunar deep • 250kg of payload delivery • Provide full OEM communication and navigation space telescope • Deployment of long-term mission profile to non infrastructure deployment infrastructure elements space actors Human Communicatio Lunar Orbit High-speed Lunar night Full cycle lunar exploration n & Navigation Positioning link network survival power plants support Confidential & Proprietary 9 The Vision – the Moon Village The Moon Village One of the most visionary space projects in the history of humanity has already established in the global media, introduced by the European Space Agency. As an international concept the Moon Village involves all mayor space agencies globally and is enabled by private entities such as SpaceX, Blue Origin and PTScientists. Confidential & Proprietary 10 LTE on the Moon The Task: Transport HD video back to earth The Requirements: Contenders: • Low power: <45W • Wifi • Long Range: >4km • LTE • High bandwidth: >2*2mbps • Zigbee • Robust • Something custom or spacey • Usable while driving • Cheap • Scalable Confidential & Proprietary 11 LTE on the Moon Cartoon by XKCD: https://xkcd.com/927/ Confidential & Proprietary 12 LTE on the Moon CCSDS Proximity-1 LTE • Number of implementations: 2? • Number of users: 3.3bn • Number of commercially available modems: ?! • Price of modems: Free* • Price of those modems: 1778453268€ • Power consumption: Very low • Number of users world-wide: 10? • Features: • Multi-cell handling • Roaming between cells • Frequency re-usage between different cells • High spectral efficency • More users, with more bandwidth in smaller areas • Very high integration • Smaller and lighter payloads • Huge development group • More accessible for universities Confidential & Proprietary 13 LTE on the Moon POWER CONSUMPTION OF ROVERS Locomotion Radio Processing 10 45 10 15 POWER IN WATTSIN POWER 45 45 ALQ ROVER WITH LTE Confidential & Proprietary 14 LTEPropagation on the Moon model design for the Moon Analysis of potential landing sites required: Moon • Need fast propagation model that includes variable terrain: o Empirical models: fast, but neglect terrain variations on the moon o Heuristic knife-edge models under-predict effect of hills & boulders Source: http://lroc.sese.asu.edu o Numerical parabolic equation/integral equation solvers are too slow Fuerteventura • We’ve developed a fast, analytic model methodology. • Calibration of the new propagation model during measurement campaign in Lunar-like terrain on Fuerteventura, Canary Islands. 15 LTECalibration on the andMoon measurement campaign on Earth Calibration campaign on Fuerteventura: • Replication of the rover by low- profile trailer • Antenna installation on trailer (1m height) • Test-UE in 4x4-vehicle • Nokia-Small Cell base station antenna at 4m height, replicating proposed landing site position • Approx. 5 days of measurements • Tuning of propagation simulation tool to match measurements. 16 LTECoverage on the calculation Moon for landing zone in Taurus-Littrow valley TerrainTerrain Profile (m) PredictedPath Path Gain gain (dB) (dB) 109000 -1400-1400m 109000 -80-80dB A17 9 80009 Proposed 8000 -90 landing -1600-1600m -90dB 8 8 7000 site 7000 -100-100dB 60007 -1800-1800m 60007 6 50006 5000 -110-110dB -2000-2000m 40005 40005 Meters Meters -120-120dB 30004 -2200-2200m 30004 Distance(km) Distance(km) 20003 20003 -130-130dB -2400-2400m 10002 10002 -140-140dB -2600 10 -2600m 10 -150-150dB 0 -5000 -4000 -3000 -2000 -1000 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 0 -5000 -4000 -3000 -2000 -1000 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 Meters Meters 17 LTEReverse on the coverage Moon analysis for landing site selection Path Gain (dB) -80dB 10 Potential 9 ‘good’ • Selection of a landing site -90dB landing A17 constrained by many factors: 8 site o landing path -100dB 7 o restrictions to protect A17 6 -110dB o radio coverage 5 -120dB • Radio channel is reciprocal: base 4 station is now placed at target site. Distance(km) 3 -130dB • Reverse coverage calculation from target site (A17) provides indicator 2 -140dB for ‘good’ landing sites. 1 0 -150dB 18 AUDI AG I/VM-2 Mission to the Moon Don‘t reinvent the wheel! Use everyday standards whenever possible! PTScientists.com [email protected] Thank you! #MissiontotheMoon Value Uplink (Rover Tx) Downlink (ALINA Tx Directional Antennae) Downlink (ALINA Tx Omni Antennae) Carrier Center Frequency (MHz) 1747.5 1842.5 1842.5 Subcarrier Frequency (if relevant) N/A N/A N/A Bandwidth (MHz) Configurable: 5, 10, 15, 20 Configurable: 5, 10, 15, 20 Configurable: 5, 10, 15, 20 Default: 20 Default: 20 Default: 20 Lower Frequency Limit (MHz) 1737.5 1832.5 1832.5 Upper Frequency Limit (MHz) 1757.5 1852.5 1852.5 Duplex Spacing (MHz) 95 95 95 Antenna Type 2x Omni 2x Vert-pol arrays 2x Omni Polarisation Vertical Vertical Vertical Beamwidth (deg) Vertical: 30 (min) 35 (max) Vertical: 30 (min) 35 (max) Vertical: 30 (min) 35 (max) Horizontal: 25 Antenna Gain (dBi) 4.5 15 4.5 Tech-details Modulation QPSK/16QAM QPSK/16QAM/64QAM QPSK/16QAM/64QAM Modulation Index According to 3GPP 36.213 specs According to 3GPP 36.213 specs According to 3GPP 36.213 specs Relative Carrier Power Level (if relevant) Flat PSD Flat PSD Flat PSD Relative Data Power Level (if relevant) Flat PSD Flat PSD Flat PSD Symbol Rate (Mbps) 50 150 150 Occupied Bandwidth (MHz) 4.5, 9, 13.5, 18 4.5, 9, 13.5, 18 4.5, 9, 13.5, 18 Default: 18 Default: 18 Default: 18 Maximum Transmitter Output Power (W/dBm) 1.25 (31) 5 (37) 5 (37) Minimum Transmitter Output Power (mW/dBm) 0.0006 (-32) 250 (24) 250 (24) Peak to Average Power Ratio (dB) 8 7.15 7.15.