Prohibition fostered a large underworld industry in many big cities, including Chicago and New York. The Jazz Age began soon after World War I and ended with the 1929 stock market crash. Victorious, America experienced an economic boom For years, New York was under the control of the Irish politicians of Tammany Hall, which assured that and expansion. Politically, the country made major advances in the area of women's independence. During the war, women had enjoyed corruption persisted. Bootlegging, prostitution, and gambling thrived, while police took money from economic independence by taking over jobs for the men who fought overseas. After the war, they pursued financial independence and a freer shady operators engaged in these activities and overlooked the illegalities. A key player in the era of lifestyle. This was the time of the "flappers," young women who dressed up in jewellery and feather boas, wore bobbed hairdos, and danced Tammany Hall was Arnold Rothstein (Meyer Wolfsheim in the novel). Through his campaign the Charleston. Zelda Fitzgerald and her cronies, including Sara Murphy, exemplified the ultimate flapper look. In The Great Gatsby, Jordan contributions to the politicians, he was entitled to a monopoly of prostitution and gambling in New Baker is an athletic, independent woman, who maintains a hardened, amoral view of life. Her character represents the new breed of woman York until he was murdered in 1928. A close friend of Rothstein, Herman "Rosy" Rosenthal, is alluded to in America with a sense of power during this time. As a reaction against the fads and liberalism that emerged in the big cities after the war, in Fitzgerald's book when Gatsby and Nick meet for lunch. Wolfsheim says that "The old Metropole.... I the U.S. Government and conservative elements in the country advocated and imposed legislation restricting the manufacture and can't forget so long as I live the night they shot Rosy Rosenthal there." This mobster also made distribution of liquor. Its organisers, the Women's Christian Temperance Movement, National Prohibition Party, and others, viewed alcohol as campaign contributions, or paid off, his political boss. When the head of police, Charles Becker, tried to a dangerous drug that disrupted lives and families. They felt it the duty of the government to relieve the temptation of alcohol by banning it receive some of Rosenthal's pay-outs, Rosenthal complained to a reporter. This act exposed the entire altogether. In January, 1919, the U.S. Congress ratified the 18th Amendment to the Constitution that outlawed the "manufacture, sale, or corruption of Tammany Hall and the New York police force. Two days later, Becker's men murdered transportation of intoxicating liquors" on a national level. Nine months later, the Volstead Act passed, proving the enforcement means for such Rosenthal on the steps of the Metropole. Becker and four of his men went to the electric chair for their measures. Prohibition, however, had little effect on the hedonism of the liquor-loving public, and speakeasies, a type of illegal bar, cropped part in the crime. up everywhere. One Fitzgerald critic, Andre Le Vot, wrote: "The bootlegger entered American folklore with as much public complicity as the outlaws of the Old West had enjoyed." This period in Fitzgerald’s life – that marked the collapse of old, traditional morality and values in favour of an obsession with free market capitalism – was central to the crafting of his characters and the events of his narratives. The Jazz Age is important for all kinds of symbolic reasons: primarily, the sense of ‘fun’ that it came to represent. This led to a cultural realignment: of generation against The 1919 World Series was the focus of a scandal that sent shock waves around the sports world. The Fitzgerald's editor, Maxwell Perkins, generation, of women against men. In turn, what we see when we look at the Jazz Age Chicago White Sox were heavily favoured to win the World Series against the Cincinnati Reds. Due commissioned a full-colour, illustrated is a period in which old assumptions are being questioned, which is to say that many to low game attendance during World War I, players' salaries were cut back. In defiance, the White jacket design from the Spanish artist Francis young Americans came to rebel against their elders; the subject of women’s sexuality Sox threatened to strike against their owner, Charles Comiskey, who had refused to pay them a Cugat. Cugat had worked previously on came to the fore and was celebrated once more. These were times – in the urban areas higher salary. The team's first baseman, Arnold "Chick" Gandil, approached a bookmaker and movie poster and sets and was employed as at least – of great social change. However, this period is also a creature of it economic gambler, Joseph Sullivan, with an offer to intentionally lose the series. Eight players, including left a designer in Hollywood. The Art Deco piece condition: as social wealth and mobility increased because of greater wealth and fielder Shoeless Joe Jackson, participated in the scam. With the help of Arnold Rothstein, Sullivan aspiration, so too did the sense of freedom and hope enjoyed by the middle and upper that he produced for the novel shows the raised the money to pay the players, and began placing bets that the White Sox would lose. The classes. Fitzgerald takes these ideas as central to his narrative: the proliferation of parties Sox proceeded to suffer one of the greatest sports upsets in history, and lost three games to five. outlined eyes of a woman looking out of a in the novel reflects the sense of celebration and fun that is a characteristic of the time. When the scandal was exposed, due to a number of civil cases involving financial losses on the part midnight blue sky above the carnival lights Equally, the complicated sexual relationships of the characters, and the male desire for of those who betted for the Sox, the eight players were banned from baseball for life and branded of Coney Island in Manhattan. The piece Daisy Buchanan, reflects the emerging acceptance in the New York of the time, that the "Black Sox." In the novel, Gatsby tells Nick that Wolfsheim was "the man who fixed the World was completed seven months before the women could be sexually powerful and confident women. However, it is also interesting Series back in 1919." Shocked, Nick thinks to himself, "It never occurred to me that one man could novel, and Fitzgerald may have used it to to consider the impact of the ending on the characters: all of the partying and joviality is start to play with the faith of fifty million people—with the single-mindedness of a burglar blowing inspire his own imagery. He calls Daisy the replaced with a sense of foreboding and disappointment. Indeed, we come to see that a safe." Gatsby himself is tied to possibly shady dealings throughout the course of the book. He "girl whose disembodied face floated along all of the hollowness of the decadence and materialism comes to bear on the characters takes mysterious phone calls and steps aside for private, undisclosed conversations. It was said that the ark cornices and blinding signs" of New of Fitzgerald’s novel, much in the same way as it does on their real-life counterpoints in "one time he killed a man who found out that he was nephew to von Hindenburg and second the aftermath of the Wall Street Crash. cousin to the devil." York. Historians and economists now believe that the 1920s in the United States saw levels of economic growth seen only afterwards in the 1950s and 1990s. That is, periods of Fitzgerald’s life was marked by excess and tragedy: he was an alcoholic for much sustained economic development which brought about a general social sense of wealth and affluence for all members of US society. Indeed, the name the ‘roaring of his life and his wife, Zelda, suffered from schizophrenia. However, this hides a life twenties’ - as this period is referred to in Europe - reflects the growth of wealth and materialism during this period. That said, the greater financial and economic growth lived in celebrity during the 1920s in New York; Fitzgerald and his wife were major in the United States is counterpointed by a period of moral paradox. On the one hand this is the period of Prohibition: on the other, a time of greater acceptance for the players in New York society, thanks, in part, to the cultural elite’s reception of his Ku Klux Klan. This morally questionable counterpoint underlies the movement towards a morally ambiguous country that appears to be dispensing with the virtues of its novel. However, Fitzgerald also spent much of his time in financial difficulty Founding Fathers in the Declaration of Independence. However, these moral questions are further obscured by a period in which man seems to be at the forefront of having to fund his alcoholism and his wife’s medical care. In turn, Fitzgerald had to borrow money from his literary agent who eventually refused to help him, invention and adventure: in 1925 the colour television is invented; in 1927 Charles Lindbergh crosses the Atlantic on his own. These moments of invention move the focus leaving the author to abandon his long-time friend. Arguably, this points to one of away from moral and theological abstracts to that which man can achieve materially. It is in this way that the tension between what some historians see as a spiritual the many complex themes of his novels: the idea that money is itself an evil that decline, and others a booming decade, come to the fore.