Post-Apartheid Reconciliation and Coexistence in South Africa A Comparative Study Visit Report 30th April – 7th May 2013 2 Post-Apartheid Reconciliation and Coexistence in South Africa A Comparative Study Visit Report 30th April – 7th May 2013 May 2013 3 Published by Democratic Progress Institute 11 Guilford Street London WC1N 1DH United Kingdom www.democraticprogress.org [email protected] +44 (0)203 206 9939 First published, 2013 ISBN: 978-1-905592-73-9 © DPI – Democratic Progress Institute, 2013 DPI – Democratic Progress Institute is a charity registered in England and Wales. Registered Charity No. 1037236. Registered Company No. 2922108. This publication is copyright, but may be reproduced by any method without fee or prior permission for teaching purposes, but not for resale. For copying in any other circumstances, prior written permission must be obtained from the publisher, and a fee may be payable.be obtained from the publisher, and a fee may be payable 4 Post-Apartheid Reconciliation and Coexistence in South Africa Contents Foreword ....................................................................................7 Tuesday 30th April –Visit to Robben Island, Table Bay, Cape Town .................................................................................9 Welcome Dinner at Queen Victoria Hotel ............................12 Wednesday 1st May – Visit to Table Mountain ........................17 Lunch at Quay Four Restaurant, Cape Town ........................18 Session 1: Meeting with Fanie Du Toit, Victoria and Alfred Hotel Boardroom, Cape Town ..............................................21 Dinner Meeting with Laurie Nathal, Baia Restaurant, Cape Town ...........................................................................40 Thursday 2nd May – Session 2: Meeting with Dave Stewart, Victoria and Alfred Hotel Boardroom, Cape Town ...................53 Tour of the Parliament of the Republic of South Africa, Cape Town ...........................................................................67 Session 3: Meeting with Nomaindia Mfeketo .......................68 Lunch at Bo-Kaap Kombuis Restaurant, Cape Town ............79 Session 4: meeting with Dr Shuaib Manjra and Judge Siraj Desai ....................................................................................80 Dinner with Yunis Carrim, Gold Restaurant, Cape Town .....97 Friday 3rd May – Visit to the Midrand Mosque, Johannesburg .........................................................................109 Visit to the Apartheid Museum, Johannesburg ...................110 Visit to Soweto, Johannesburg ............................................111 5 Post-Apartheid Reconciliation and Coexistence in South Africa Dinner at Bukhara restaurant, Johannesburg ......................112 Saturday 4th May – Sunday 5th May – Safari at Madikwe Safari Reserve ...................................................................................112 Dinner hosted by Kaan Esener, Pretoria ..............................114 Monday 6th May – Session 5: Meeting with Roelf Meyer and Mohammed Bhabha, St Albans College, Pretoria ...................114 Lunch with Ebrahim Ebrahim and Essop Pahad at KOI Restaurant, Pretoria ............................................................143 Session 6: Meeting with Deputy President Motlanthe, Union Buildings, Pretoria ..............................................................156 Dinner at Kream, Johannesburg .........................................168 Tuesday 7th May – Session 7: Meeting with Moe Shaikh at the Development Bank of Southern Africa, Pretoria .....................178 Session 8: Meeting with Baleka Mbete, ANC Headquarters, Johannesburg ......................................................................192 Lunch hosted by Judge Zac Yacoob, Clico Boutique Hotel, Johannesburg ......................................................................192 Appendix ................................................................................194 Participants from Turkey ........................................................194 Participants from South Africa ...............................................196 6 Post-Apartheid Reconciliation and Coexistence in South Africa Foreword DPI aims to foster an environment in which different parties share information, ideas, knowledge and concerns connected to the development of democratic solutions and outcomes. Our work supports the development of a pluralistic political arena capable of generating consensus and ownership over work on key issues surrounding democratic solutions at political and local levels. We focus on providing expertise and practical frameworks to encourage stronger public debates and involvements in promoting peace and democracy building internationally. Within this context DPI aims to contribute to the establishment of a structured public dialogue on peace and democratic advancement, as well as to create new and widen existing platforms for discussions on peace and democracy building. In order to achieve this we seek to encourage an environment of inclusive, frank, structured discussions whereby different parties are in the position to openly share knowledge, concerns and suggestions for democracy building and strengthening across multiple levels. DPI’s objective throughout this process is to identify common priorities and develop innovative approaches to participate in and influence the process of finding democratic solutions. DPI also aims to support and strengthen collaboration between academics, civil society and policy-makers through its projects and output. Comparative studies of relevant situations are seen as an effective tool for ensuring that the mistakes of others are not repeated or perpetuated. Therefore we see comparative analysis of models of peace and democracy building to be central to the achievement of our aims and objectives. 7 Post-Apartheid Reconciliation and Coexistence in South Africa This report details the activities and roundtable discussions experienced during DPI’s Comparative Study visit to South Africa which took place from 30th April to 7th May 2013 and was kindly hosted by the South African Government. The timing of the visit was of particular importance and relevance due to the recent developments in Turkey resulting in a ceasefire, commencement of PKK withdrawal and public and private dialogue surrounding peace. The study focused on the subjects of Reconciliation and Coexistence in South Africa following the end of the apartheid regime in 1994. It falls within DPI’s series of Comparative Study visits, following those to the United Kingdom and Ireland. We hope that this Comparative Study has proven valuable for participants, and that it will contribute to ongoing discussion in Turkey. With thanks to Alice Curci and the staff of DPI for their assistance with this report. DPI also gives special thanks to the South African Government for their hosting of the visit. Kerim Yildiz Director Democratic Progress Institute May 2013 8 Post-Apartheid Reconciliation and Coexistence in South Africa Tuesday 30th April –Arrival and Visit to Robben Island, Table Bay, Cape Town With: Mohammed Bhabha1, Advisor to Development Bank of Southern Africa and former ANC negotiator. Venue: Robben Island, Table Bay, Cape Town The delegation on Robben Island Robben Island is an island in Table Bay, west of Cape Town. The name is Dutch for ‘seal island’ and since the 17th century it has been used for the isolation of mainly political prisoners, being the Dutch settlers the first to use it as a prison. Nobel laureate and former president of South Africa Nelson Mandela was imprisoned on Robben Island for 18 of the 27 years he served behind bars before the fall of apartheid. Today it is a World Heritage site and 1 Mohammed Bhabha is a South African attorney who was part of the ANC negotiat- ing team at the Convention for a Democratic South Africa, and contributed to the negotiations for the final South African Constitution. He was seconded from DBSA to the Department of Co-operative Governance and Traditional Affairs where he cur- rently acts as Advisor to the office of the Deputy Minister. He is currently assisting in the Constitution-making process in Kenya. Previous posts and achievements include: Non-executive director on the Board of Evraz Highveld Steel Chairperson of the Select Committee on Local Government and Constitutional in the Senate 9 Post-Apartheid Reconciliation and Coexistence in South Africa museum since 1997. The museum is a dynamic institution, which acts as a focal point of South African heritage. The delegation received a private tour of Robben Island Museum, to learn more about the history of apartheid. Among the sites visited during the tour, the following were felt to stand out: Robert Sobukwe's cell Robert Sobukwe, founder of the Pan Africanist Congress, was arrested on March 21, 1960, following the Sharpeville Massacre. After having served the three years to which he had been sentenced, his imprisonment was renewed for six more years thanks to an ad-hoc enacted law, the so called ‘Sobukwe Clause’. He spent his nine years of imprisonment in solitary confinement in this cell, composed by a small bedroom and a separate kitchen. DPI Director Kerim Yildiz and DPI council of Experts Member Mithat Sancar in Sobukwue's cell The Maximum Security Prison Entrance gate of the Maximum Security Prison 10 Post-Apartheid Reconciliation and Coexistence in South Africa The delegation was escorted through the prison by former political