Prepared in cooperation with the SWEETWATER AUTHORITY Water- and Air-Quality Monitoring of the Sweetwater Reservoir Watershed, San Diego County, California— Phase One Results, Continued, 2001-2003 Data Series Report 347 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Water- and Air-Quality Monitoring of Sweetwater Reservoir Watershed, San Diego County, California—Phase One Results Continued, 2001–2003 By Gregory O. Mendez, William T. Foreman, Andrew Morita, and Michael S. Majewski Prepared in cooperation with the Sweetwater Authority Data Series 347 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior DIRK KEMPTHORNE, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Mark D. Myers, Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2008 For product and ordering information: World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov/pubprod Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS For more information on the USGS--the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment: World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual copyright owners to reproduce any copyrighted materials contained within this report. Suggested citation: Mendez, G.O., Foreman, W.T., Morita, Andrew, and Majewski, M.S., 2008, Water- and air-quality monitoring of Sweetwater Reservoir Watershed, San Diego County, California—Phase One Results Continued, 2001–2003: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 347, 158 p. iii Contents Abstract ...........................................................................................................................................................1 Introduction.....................................................................................................................................................1 Purpose and Scope .............................................................................................................................4 Study Design ...................................................................................................................................................4 Primary Sampling ..................................................................................................................................4 Special Studies......................................................................................................................................5 Sampling and Analytical Methods ..............................................................................................................5 Air Methods ...........................................................................................................................................6 Volatile Organic Compounds ......................................................................................................6 Semivolatile Organic Compounds ............................................................................................6 Special Studies Methods ...................................................................................................................8 Sampling Strategy and Data ........................................................................................................................9 Water Sampling Strategy and Data ...................................................................................................9 Air Sampling Strategy and Data .......................................................................................................10 Special Studies Strategy and Data ..................................................................................................13 Quality Control ..............................................................................................................................................13 Water Quality-Control Samples ........................................................................................................14 Air Quality-Control Samples ..............................................................................................................14 Special Studies Quality-Control Sampling ......................................................................................14 Summary .......................................................................................................................................................15 References Cited..........................................................................................................................................15 Tables ...........................................................................................................................................................18 Figures Figure 1. The general vicinity of Sweetwater and Loveland Reservoirs and surrounding watershed, San Diego County, California ………………………………………… 2 Figure 2. Sweetwater Reservoir and SR125 alignment, San Diego County, California ……… 3 Figure 3. Sampling sites at Loveland Reservoir, San Diego County, California ……………… 5 Figure 4. (A) Concentrations in air of methyl-tert-butyl ether (MTBE), benzene, and toluene at the air sampling site, and concentrations in air and in water of (B) methyl-tert-butyl ether, (C) benzene, and (D) toluene at Sweetwater Reservoir (SWR) near the pump tower, and SWR center of minimum pool, San Diego County, California ……………………………………………………… 11 Figure 5. Concentrations of simazine in finished water at site SWR-08, in imported water at site SWR-09, and near the pump tower at Sweetwater Reservoir, San Diego County, California ……………………………………………………… 13 iv Tables Table 1. Site identification numbers, site numbers, and corresponding site names, Sweetwater and Loveland Reservoirs, San Diego County, California …………… 10 Table 2. Water-quality depth-profile data for dissolved oxygen, pH, specific conductance, and temperature for each sampling site and period for the Sweetwater and Loveland Reservoirs, San Diego County, California ……………………………… 19 Table 3A. Volatile organic compounds analyzed in whole-water samples from the Sweetwater Reservoir watershed, San Diego County, California ………………… 28 Table 3B. Analytical results for volatile organic compounds detected in whole-water samples from the Sweetwater Reservoir watershed, San Diego County, California ………………………………………………………………………… 30 Table 4A. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds analyzed in whole-water samples from the Sweetwater Reservoir watershed, San Diego County, California ………………………………………………………………………… 33 Table 4B. Analytical results for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations in whole-water samples from the Sweetwater Reservoir watershed, San Diego County, California ………………………………………………………………… 34 Table 5A. Pesticide compounds analyzed in filtered-water samples, using U.S.Geological Survey’s National Water Quality Laboratory schedule 2001, from the Sweetwater Reservoir watershed, San Diego County, California ……………………………… 35 Table 5B. Analytical results for pesticides detected in filtered water samples, using U.S. Geological Survey’s National Water Quality Laboratory Schedule 2001, from the Sweetwater Reservoir watershed, San Diego, California ……………… 36 Table 6A. Pesticide compounds analyzed in filtered-water samples, using U.S. Geological Survey’s National Water Quality Laboratory schedule 2002, from the Sweetwater Reservoir watershed, San Diego County, California ……………………………… 38 Table 6B. Analytical results for pesticide compounds detected in filtered-water samples, using U.S. Geological Survey’s National Water Quality Laboratory schedule 2002, from the Sweetwater Reservoir watershed, San Diego County, California ……… 39 Table 7A. Pesticide compounds analyzed in filtered-water samples, using U.S. Geological Survey’s National Water Quality Laboratory schedule 2003, from the Sweetwater Reservoir watershed, San Diego County, California ……………………………… 40 Table 7B. Analytical results for pesticide compounds detected in filtered-water samples, using U.S. Geological Survey’s National Water Quality Laboratory schedule 2003, from the Sweetwater Reservoir watershed, San Diego County, California ……… 41 Table 8A. Pesticide compounds analyzed in filtered-water samples, using U.S. Geological Survey’s National Water Quality Laboratory schedule 2060, from the Sweetwater Reservoir watershed, San Diego County, California ……………………………… 44 Table 8B. Analytical results for pesticide compounds detected in filtered-water samples, using U.S. Geological Survey’s National Water Quality Laboratory Schedule 2060, from the Sweetwater Reservoir watershed, San Diego County, California ……… 45 v Table 9A. Analytical results for volatile organic compounds in air with low breakthrough volumes from the Sweetwater Reservoir atmospheric site, San Diego County, California ………………………………………………………………………… 49 Table 9B. Analytical results for volatile organic compounds in air with high breakthrough volumes from the Sweetwater Reservoir atmospheric site, San Diego County, California ………………………………………………………………………… 51 Table 10A. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) and alkylated PAH compounds analyzed in air samples collected from the Sweetwater Reservoir atmospheric site, San Diego County, California ………………………………………………… 69 Table 10B. Analytical results for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) and alkylated PAH concentrations in air from the Sweetwater