ROMANTICISM IN ENGLISH POETRY A MLiCT AHfMOTATeO BiaUOQRAPHV SUBMITTtp m PARTIAL FULFH-MENT FOR TNf AWARD OF THE OCQflEE OF of librarp aiili itifarmation i^tteme 19t344 Roll Mo. t3 LSM-17 EnroliMM No. V-1432 Undsr th* SuparvMon of STBD MUSTIIFIIUIDI (READER) DEPARTMENT OF LIBRARY A INFORMATION SCIENCE ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY ALIGARH (INDIA) 1994~ AIAB ^ **' r •^, '-fcv DS2708 DEDICATED TO MY LATE MOTHER CONTENTS page Acknowl edg&a&it ^ Scope and Methodology iii PART - I introduction 1 PART - II Annotated Bibliography ^^ List of Periodicals 113 PART - III Author index ^-^^ Title index 124 (i) ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I wish to express my sincere and earnest thanks to my teacher and Supervisor . kr» S. Mustafa Zaidi, who inspite of his many pre-occupations spared his precious time to guide and inspire me at each and every step/ during the course of this investigation. His deep critical understanding of the problem helped me in conpiling this bibliography. I am highly indebted to eminent teacher professor Mohd. sabir Husain, Chairman/ Department of Liberary & Information Science/ Aligarh Muslim University Allgarh for the encourage­ ment that I have always received from him during the period I have been associated with the department of Library Science. I am also highly grateful to the respected teachers of my Department Mr. Al-Muzaffar Khan, Reader, Mr. shabahat Husain, Reader/ Mr. Ifasan zamarrud. Reader. They extended their full cooperation in all aspects, whatever I needed. I am also thankful to the Library staff of Maulana Azad Library, A.M.U., Aligarh, Seminar Library Department of English, AMU Aligarh, for providing all facilities that I needed for my work. (11) I would like to express my gratefulness to my friends and class-mates Miss Farha Diba Shakir, Mr. Shameem, Atiq, Yadav and loving sister Ame^a# for their valuable oooperation - throughout my work/ deserves special thanks for helping me in preparation of this bibliography. It would be churlish on my part not mention my parents ^ brothers and loving sisters who still continue to be the source of inspiration for me. Last but not least I am also thankful to my typist Mr. Akhlaque for this devoted task. Mohd. Asian (ili) SOOPE AND METHODOLOGY The present study is intended to bring at one place, in the form of annotations most of the significant material that is available on Ftomanticism in English poetry. Although this bibliography is selective in nature/ an attempt has been made to cover all the aspects of Romanticism in English poetry. The study includes 220 selected annotated bibliography of articles on the subject collected from Maulana Azad Library, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh : Library of Department of English, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh. Standard Followed; The Indian standards recommended for bibliographical references (15:2381-1963) and classified catalogue code (CCC) of Dr. S.R. Ranganathan have been followed. In some cases where ISI dod not give any guidance, I have taken appropriate decision. Subject Headings: Attempt has been made to give co-extensive subject headings as much as possible. An humble effort has been made (iv) to follow 'postulates and principles' as suggested by Dr. S.R. mnganathan in the forroulation of subject headings. If more than one entry comes under the same subject heading, these are arranged strictly by the principle of Alphabetical sequence. Arranqemaitt The entries are arranged under subject headings which are arranged alphabetically, following letter by letter method. The entry element of the author is in capitals, followed by the secondary elem^it in parenthesis using capital and small letters and then the title of the articles, sub-title (if any) then name of the periodical being underlined followed by the volume number, issue number, the year, month and date giving by using inclusive notation of the pages of the articles. The each entry is than followed by an informative abstracts of the articles. Sitries of periodical articles are arranged is as follows t (a) Serial Number (b) Name of the Author / Authors (c) A Full stop (.) (d) Title of the contribution including subtitle and alternative titles, if any (V) (e) A Full Stop (.) (f) Title of periodical being underlined (g) A Full Stop (.) (h) Volume Number (i) Cbmma (,) (j) Issue Number (k) Semi Oolon (;) (1) Year (m) Comma (/) (n) Month (o) Da te (p) Semi Oolon (;) (q) Inclusive pages of the articles (r) A Full Stop (.) Specimen entry : STEVENSON (John W). Seeing is believing : Wordsworth's modem vision. Virginia Quarterly Review. 53, 1; 1977; 68-97. Abstract: Each entry is followed by an abstract of the article. Abstract giv^i are informative in sense not in length. (vi) Index t The index part contains an author index and a title index. Bach index guides to the specific entry or entries in the bibliography by the help of entry number(s). \. 1 F A % T nriT f ft i >J>. 11 li M -1- aOMANTICISM IN ENGLISH POETRY INTRODUCTION : The word "Romantic" has been used on often and for so many purposes that it is impossible to confine it to any single meaning, still less to attempt a new definition of it. Let it suffice that it is applied to a phase of English Poetry which began in 1789 with Blake's Songs of Innocence and ended with the deaths of Keats and Shelley. This at least fixes a historisal period and there is no great quarrel about calling it the "Romantic age". The creative imagination is closely connected with a peculiar insight into an unseen order behind visible things. The history of 'Romantic' poetry in England falls into two sections. In one, a bold original outlook is developed and paradised; in the other, it is criticised or exaggerated or limited or, in the last resort, abondoned. On the one hand, there is a straight line of development; on the other hand there are variations and divagations and -2- secessions. But both sections belong to a single movement which rises from a prevailing mood of longing for something more complete and more satisfying than the familiar world. Such a mood, of course, is not in the least new or uncommon, but in the "Romantic* period and afterwards it dominated many creative minds and had an enormous influence on Poetry, The imagination was part of the contemporary belief in the individual self. The poets were conscious of a wonderful capacity :to create imaginary worlds, and they could not believe thatthis was idle or false on the contrary, they thought that curb it was to deny something vitally necessary to their whole being. They thought that it was just this which made them poets, and that in their exercise of it they could do far better than other poets who sacrificed it to caution and common sense. They saw that the power of poetry is strongest when the creative impulse works untrammelled and they know that in their own case this happened whom they shaped fleeting visions into concrete forms and pursued with thoughts until they captured and mastered them. In the Renaissance poets suddenly -3- found the huge possibilities of the human self and expressed them in a bold and far flung art, which is certainly mucl^ more than an limitation of life, so the Romantics, brought to a fuller consciousness of their own powers, felt a similar need to exert these powers in fashioning new worlds of the mind. The Romantic emphasis on the imagination was strengthened by considerations which are both religious and metaphysical. For a century English philosophy had been dominated by the theories of Locke, He assumed that in perception the mind is wholly passive, a mere recorder of impressions from without "a lazy lookeron o^ an external world". This world of imagination is tbe world of eternity; it is the divine bosom into which we shall all go after the death of the vegetated body. This T^orld of generation, or vegetation is finite and temperal. There exist in that eternal world the permanent realities of every thing which we see reflected in this vegetable glass of nature. All things are comprehanded in their eternal forms in the divine body of the saviour, the true vine of eternity, the human imagination. -4- It was to some degree held by wordsworth, Shellay and Keats. Such was confident not only that the imagination was his most previous perssion but that it was somehow concerned with a supernatural order. Never before had quite such a claim been made and from it Romantic Poetry derives much that is most magical in it. The danger of so hold an assumption is that the poet may be so absorded in his own private universe and in the exploration of its remoter corners that he may be unable to convey his essential experience to other men and fail to convert them to his special creed. The Romantics certainly created worlds of their own, but they succeeded in persuading others that succeeded in persuading others that these were not absurd or merely fanciful. I know that imagination is most attracted by what is most in moral, most animal but I also know how like a dream all imagination is how it loves night, meaningl^ssness and solitude. This was not what the English romantics thought. They believed that the imagination stands in some essential relation to truth and reality and they were at pains to make their poetry pay attention to them. -5- The romantics face this issue squarely and boldly so far from thinking that the imagination deals with the non-existentiythey insist that it reveals an important kind of truth. They believe that when it is at work it sees things to which the ordinary intelligence is blind and that it is intimately connected with a special insight or perception or intuition.