THE GENUS ANADENANTHERA IN AMERINDIAN CULTURES BY SIRI VON REIS ALTSCHUL, PH .D. RESEARCH FELLOW BOTANICAL MUSEUM HARVARD UNIVERSITY CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS 1972 This monograph is dedicated in affectionate memory to the late DANIEL HERBERT EFRON, PH.D., M.D. 1913-1972 cherished friend of the author and of the Botanical Museum, a true scientist devoted to the interdisciplinary approach in the advancement of knowledge. A/""'f""'<J liz {i>U<// t~ },~u 0<<J4 ~ If;. r:J~ ~ //"'~uI ~ ()< d~ ~ !dtd't;:..1 "./.u.L .A Vdl0 If;;: ~ '" OU'''-k4 :/"­ tu-d ''''''"-''t2.. ?,,".jd,~ jft I;ft'- ?_rl; A~~ ~r'4tft,t -5 " q,.,<,4 ~~ l' #- /""/) -/~ "1'Ii;. ,1""", "/'/1'1",, I X C"'-r'fttt. #) (../..d ~;, . W,( ~ ~ f;r"'" y it;.,,J 11/" Y 4J.. %~~ l{jr~ t> ~~ ~txh '1'ix r 4 6~" c/<'T'''(''-;{' rn« ?.d ~;;1';;/ a-.d txZ-~ ~ ;o/~ <A.H-iz "" ~".,/( 1-/X< "..< ,:" -.... ~ ~ . JJlr-0? on .­ .it-(,0.1' r 4 -11<.1.- aw./{') -:JL. 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"kk '" d.... 7 tl~~ !U«? .... /<~~.;.. "If 0.'~'" II Transcription of field notes of the explorer Richard Spru ce fo r June IS, 1855, referring to the prepa rat ion and use of niopo snu ff (Anodenonlhera peregrina) in the upper Orinoco of Venezuela (Guahibo India ns at Maypures). Courtesy : Botanic Mu seu m, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. I TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTIqN .......................... ............................................................................... BRlEF TAXONOMIC DESCRfPTlON OF ANADENANTHERA................................. .. 5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................... :......................... .. 10 TREATMENT BY CULTURE ........................................................................................ II Culture Area Caribbean ............................................................................................. 13 Taino Cu lture .................................................................. ...................................... 13 Igneri Culture ........................................................................................................ 18 Culture Area Colombian .............. ............................................................................... 20 Chibcha Culture ................................................................................................... 20 Tunebo Culture ....................................................... .......................... .................... 20 Culture Area Caqueta ................................ .................. ............................................... 22 Achagua Culture ....................................................................... ............................. 22 Baniwa Culture ......................................................................................... ............ 23 Betoi Culture ......................................................................................................... 23 Carijona Culture ............................. ....................................................................... 24 Guayupe Culture ................................................................................................... 24 Tucano Culture ..................................................................................................... 25 Tucuna Culture ..................................... ................................................................ 26 Witoto Culture ........................................................................................... ........... 26 Culture Area Orinoco ................ ............................................... __ ........._........... __ ........ 27 Otomac Culture ..................................................................................................... 27 Shliva Culture .................................................... .................................................... 28 Yaruro Culture _................. _......................... ___ .__ ........ _.................................. .. ... .. 29 Culture Area Savanna ....... _..... _................ ... _...... __ ........ .. ..... __ .................. _................... 30 Guahibo Culture ..................................................... ............................................... 30 Puinave Culture _........_......... ............................. _.. .......................................... 31 Shiriana Culture .......................... :.......................................................................... 32 Culture Area Guiana .... ............................ ........ .. ........................... .............................. 35 Yecuana Culture ........... ........................ ,' , ....................." .. " .. , ........... .............. .... 35 Culture Area Amazon ...................... ... .............. .......................................................... 36 Cocama Culture .. ...... 36 Manao Culture ....................................................................................................... 36 Omagua Culture ........ .................................................................................. 37 Culture Area Peruvian ..................... ....................... , ... ............ ~ ... ..... ............. .............. 38 In ca Culture .. ......................................................................................................... 38 Culture Area Montaiia ..................................................................................... 45 Piro Culture ....................... ............ ...... ...................................................... .. 45 Culture Area Jurua-Purus ........................................................................................... 46 Amahuaca Culture ............ ................................................................................... 46 Cashinawa Culture................................................................ .................................. 46 Catukina Culture .................................................................................................... 46 Chama Culture ............................................................. _......................................... 47 Ipurina Culture ...................................................................................................... 47 Mayoruna Culture .................................................................................................. 48 Mura Culture ......................................................................................................... 48 Culture Area Para ..................................................................................................... 52 Maue Culture ...................................... ................................................................. 52 Mundurucu Culture .. ....................... .................. "................................................ 54 Culture Area Bolivian .... ....................................... ......... ........................................ .... 55 Chiriguano Cu lture ...................................................... :....................................... 55 Macurap Culture ................................................................................................. .. 56 Paeagua,a Culture .... ............................................... .... .......................................... 57 Yabuti Culture ...................................................................................................... 57 Cui tUre Area Chilean ................................................................................................ 59 Araucanian Culture ............................................................................... ... ............ 59 Atacama Cul ture .... ....................... ................... .. ............... .................................. .. 59 Comechingon Cul ture ..................................... ... .............. ..................................... 61 Diaguita Culture ................................................................................................... 61 Huarpe Culture ........... ............................................. ............................................ 62 Omaguaca Culture ............................................ ............ ........................................ 62 Culture Area Chaco ................................................. ,', ........... , ............................... ,.. 64 Mataco Culture ................................ 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