Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine (2011)S249-S252 S249 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine journal homepage:www.elsevier.com/locate/apjtb Document heading Nutritional value of gastropod Babylonia spirata (Linnaeus, 1758) from Thazhanguda, Southeast coast of India Periyasamy N*, Srinivasan M, Devanathan K, Balakrishnan S Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University, Parangipettai, Tamil Nadu-608 502, India ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article history: Objective: i.e. BabyloniaTo study t hspiratae bioc heB.m ispiratacal compMethods:osition, , protein, carboB.hy dspiratarate, lipid, and amino Received 2 August 2011 acids from ( ). The gastropod ( ) were collected Received in revised form 2 September 2011 from the Thazhanguda, Southeast coast of India. The animal shell was broken and body muscles Accepted 25 September 2011 (expected digestive gland) were dried at 60 in an oven and used for biochemical analysis, such Available online 15 October 2011 曟 Results: as protein, carbohydrate, lipid, amino acid and molecular size of muscle protein. The results of proximate composition showed that the percentage of protein in the tissue was (53.86%), Keywords: followed by the carbohydrate content(16.85%). The amoB.u nspiratat of lip id was 9.30%, and totally 10 Babylonia spirata essential and nonessential amino acids were analyzed in and the content was 9.911 mg/ Proximate composition g. The molecular weight of the gastropod sample was low as 2 kDa oConclusions:n SDS-PAGE. FT-IR analysis Amino acid revealed the presence of aB.m ispiratano acids signals at different ranges. The results of FTIR this research showed that meat is a valuable food with high quality protein and well- SDS-PAGE balanced amino acids. 1. Introduction are suitable for human consumption, our knowledge on its nutritive value is fragmentary. The proximate composition varies widely and depends on several factors, like species, Seafood is an excellent source of protein of high biological size, sex, maturity, season and feeding regimes. Information value. Finfish, shellfish and other aquatic organisms on daily dietary intake of nutrients, especially cholesterol, suitable for food and feed are of worldwide importance. is quite important for especially those with cardiovascular They are excellent sources of high quality proteins, which problems[3]. The malnutrition problems in our country are superior to those in meat and poultry. Man lives on land, can be overcomed by effective utilization of nutrient rich which occupies a quarter of the surface of the planet, and molluscan seafood. Malnutrition is considered as a serious takes most of his food from the land. Approximately 14% of problem which is faced by developing countries. In India the animal protein consumed by human beings comes from 20%-30% of the population does not get adequate nutrition. marine fisheries[1]. Biochemical assays and nutrients play a Proper exploitation of aquatic organisms through captures vital role in physical growth, development, maintenance of and culture fisheries will supply the balanced nutritious normal body function of physical activity and health. The food and malnutrition can be controlled. A balanced diet knowledge of the biochemical composition of any edible should provide around 60%-70% of total calories from organisms is extremely important since the nutritive value carbohydrates, preferable starch, about 10%-12% from is reflected in its biochemical contents. proteins and 20%-25% from fat. Generally, fish and shellfish meat is considered to be Cuddalore district in Tamil Nadu ranks fourth in fish highly i.e.nutritious, owing to its content of Omega-3 fatty landings, with 100 tons per day. It is interesting to note acids, , essential amino acids and proteins. In addition that after tsunami thereBabylonia is an incr espirataasing treB.nd spirataof gastropod to their dietary importance, proteins affect food texture, as population especially ( )[4]. It also do small peptides and amino acids contribute to food is usually found in the depth of 32 feet. Fisherman“ used to flavor[2]. Even though large amount of marine gastropods catch” this animal by using special net known as katcha valai . Its flesh and operculum has medicinal values and also rich in nutrition. *Corresponding author: Periyasamy N. Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Infrared and Raman spectroscopy can be used to study Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University, Parangipettai -608 502, Tamil the vibration and rotational energies of molecules. In the Nadu - India. E- mail: [email protected] study of molecular vibration, infrared spectroscopy has contributed more to this field than Raman spectroscopy Periyasamy N et al./Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine (2011)S249-S252 S250 due to the rapid developments in infrared instrumentation. Infrared spectral analysis of biological materials was Molecular size of muscle protein was determineetd ualsing utilized to investigate their chemical constituents. These are SDS-PAGE gel following the method of Sambrro [11]. recognized even when the availability of material is less[5,6]. Glass plates were assembled and 20 mL of 15% resolved Electrophoresis of protein samples in the polyacrylamidegel gel was prepared and poured immediately to the notch is an indispensable analytical tool and in some cases, a plate. It was overlaid with butanol. After polymerization was preparative tool for the protein scientist. Electrophoresis completed, over lay was poured off and the top layer was can be used to separate and compare complex protein washed with deionized water. Then 8 mL of stack gel was mixtures, and to evaluate purity of a protein during physic overlaid. Approximate volume of 1*SDS gel loading buffer characteristics, such as sub-unit composition, isoelectric and sample was taken and was heated at 100 曟 for μ3 min. point, size and chaB.rg espirat. Then it was fixed in electrophoresis apparatus and 15 L of The gastropod ( ) meat is used for the preparation sample and marker (6.5 - 97.4 kDa) was loaded respectively of good recipes, such as stews, soups, salads, appetizers in the well. The gel was run and stained with Coomassie and hotpot mixed with other seafood. Because of health brilliant blue. consciousness, nowadays people are interested in taking more seafood in view of its relatively higher nutrition. The 3. Results present study was carried out to analyze the proximaB.te spiratacomposition and amino acid profiles from gastropod in 3.1. Estimation of protein, carbohydrate, lipid and amino . acids 2. Materials and methods TB.he spirata protein, carbohydrate and lipid contents were found 2.1. Preparation of experimental materials in and the proportions the them are 53.86%, 16.85% and 9.3%, respectively. The percentage composition B. spirata of essential and non-essential amino acids is shown in The gastropods °( ’ ) wer°e co’llected from Table 1. The ratio o f amB.i nspiratao acids (essential and non- Thazhanguda (Lat. 11 45 N; Long. 79 45 E) southeast essential) is 9.91 mg/g in . Among the amino acids coast of India. They were brought to the laboratory, the isoleucine ranked the first in the list by contribution of 3.081 animal shell was broken and body muscles (expected mg/g on dry matter basis and other amino acids were found digestive gland) were dried at 60 曟 in an oven and used for fluctuating between 0.012 and 3.081 mg/g (Figure 1, 2). biochemical analysis. 2.2. Estimation of total protein Table 1 B. spirata. Amino acid composition of the muscle of [7] The Folin - Ciocalteu phenol method was adopted for S. No. Amino acids Ratio (mg/g) the estimation of total protein in the tissue. 1 Isoleucine 3.081 2.3. Estimation of total carbohydrate 2 Valine 2.066 3 Lysine 1.012 4 Phenylalanine 1.011 The total carbohydreta tale content was estimated by using the procedure of Dubois [8] with phenol - sulphuric acid. 5 Leucine 0.889 2.4. Estimation of total lipid 6 Methionine 0.766 7 Proline 0.665 et 8 Tryptophan 0.221 The chloroform-methanol extraction procedure of Folch 9 0 112 al[9] Glutamic acid . was used for extracting lipid from various body parts. 10 Alanine 0.088 2.5. Estimation of amino acid Total 9.911 B. spirata The experimental gastropods ( ) were dried at 60 24 曟 for hours in an oven and the dried samples were finely 100 ground for estimating the amino acids in high performance HPLC) 7400 ) 80 liquid chromatography ( (Merc’k hitachedL- ) V [10] m ( following the method of Baker and Han s . 60 y t i s FTIR n 2.6. spectrophotometry ( fourier transform- e t 40 n infrared spectrum analysis) I 20 B. spirata 0 The lyophilized samples of (10 mg) were 100 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 mixed with mg of dried potassium bromide (kBr) and Retention time (min) compressed to prepare a salt disc. The disc was then read Figure 1. spectrophotometrically (Bio- Rad FTIR-40- model, USA). Standard graph amino acids. The frequencies of different components present in each sample were analyzed. 2.7. Determination of molecular size of muscle protein Periyasamy N et al./Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine (2011)S249-S252 S251 100 80 Biochemical studies are very important from the ) V nutritional point of view. The biochemical constituents in m ( 60 y animals are known to vary with season, size of the animal, t i etc s n stage of maturity, temperature and availability of food . e t 40 n I Protein is essential for the sustenance of life and accordingly 20 exists in the largest quantity of all nutrients to form the components of the human body[12]. The acceptability and 0 easy digestibility of fish proteins make it very valuable in 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 combating protein malnutrition, especially in children.