New Central American and Mexican Enaphalodes Haldeman, 1847 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) with taxonomic notes and a key to species Steven W. Lingafelter¹ & Antonio Santos-Silva² ¹ University of Arizona (UA), Department of Entomology, Insect Collection (UAIC). Tucson, Arizona, U.S.A. E‑mail: [email protected] ² Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Museu de Zoologia (MZUSP). São Paulo, SP, Brasil. E‑mail: [email protected] Abstract. A review of Enaphalodes Haldeman, 1847 is presented. Descriptions of four new species of Enaphalodes are included: E. antonkozlovi, sp. nov. from Costa Rica, E. bingkirki, sp. nov. from Nicaragua, E. monzoni, sp. nov. from Guatemala, and E. cunninghami, sp. nov. from Mexico. Enaphalodes senex (Bates, 1884) is revalidated and it is newly recorded from Nicaragua and Guatemala. A key to the 15 currently recognized species of Enaphalodes is included. Key-Words. Cerambycinae; Elaphidiini; Key; Long horned beetle; Taxonomy. INTRODUCTION Enaphalodes were known, with only two species known from Central and South America. The genus Enaphalodes Haldeman (1847) was In this work, we describe four new species originally listed in Dejean’s (1836) catalogue, but it of Enaphalodes: E. antonkozlovi from Costa Rica, is an unavailable name since it had no description E. bingkirki from Nicaragua, E. monzoni from or included species and therefore did not meet Guatemala, and E. cunninghami from Mexico. We Article 12 of the International Code of Zoological revalidate E. senex (Bates, 1884) and newly record Nomenclature (ICZN, 1999). This was further cor‑ it from two countries, Nicaragua and Guatemala. roborated by Bousquet & Bouchard (2013) in their We provide a key to the 15 species of Enaphalodes analysis of available names from this publication. that are currently known. Haldeman (1847) made the genus name available by describing a species, E. simplicicollis, within it. This species is currently a synonym of E. hispicornis MATERIALS AND METHODS (Linnaeus, 1767). Linsley (1963), in his monograph of the Photographs were taken and stacked with two Cerambycidae of North America, designated systems: (1) Canon EOS Rebel T3i DSLR camera, the type species, E. pulverulentus De Geer, 1775. Canon MP‑E 65 mm f/2.8 1‑5X macro lens, con‑ That species is currently a synonym of E. atomari- trolled by Zerene Stacker AutoMontage software; us (Drury, 1773). In that work, Linsley listed eight (2) Nikon Digital Sight DS‑F12 camera mounted on species for North America, but the work did not a Nikon SMZ18 stereo microscope with 0.5X SHR treat the single Central American species known Plan Apo lens, controlled by Helicon Focus 6.5.3 at that time, E. coronatus (White, 1853). Lingafelter rendering software. Measurements were taken in & Chemsak (2002) provided a review of the genus “mm” using a Hensoldt/Wetzlar – Mess 10 ocular Enaphalodes, describing one new species from micrometer in the Leica MZ6 stereo microscope, Florida, E. archboldi Lingafelter & Chemsak, and and through calibration with the Nikon SMZ18 making two synonymies: Hypermallus decipiens stereo microscope. The collection acronyms used Bates, 1884, as a synonym of Enaphalodes atomari- in this study are as follows: us and Romaleum cylindricum Knull, 1927, as a syn‑ onym of E. cortiphagus (Craighead, 1923). As of that ACMT: American Coleoptera Museum (James E. work, nine species of Enaphalodes were known, Wappes), San Antonio, Texas, U.S.A. mostly distributed in the United States and Mexico, CNIN: Coleccion Nacional de Insectos, Instituto with E. coronatus known only from Central America. de Biologia (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico Martins (2005) in his South American DJHC: Daniel J. Heffern Collection, Houston, Cerambycidae monograph, described the only Texas, U.S.A. known South American species of Enaphalodes, EMEC: Essig Museum of Entomology, Berkeley, E. boyacanus. Thus, as of that work, 10 species of California, U.S.A. Pap. Avulsos Zool., 2018; v.58: e20185811 ISSN On‑Line: 1807‑0205 http://doi.org/10.11606/1807‑0205/2018.58.11 ISSN Printed: 0031‑1049 ISNI: 0000 0004 0384 1825 www.revistas.usp.br/paz www.scielo.br/paz http://zoobank.org/01FC08C4-A5A8-4BC9-B5AD-0AADA17788BD Pap. Avulsos Zool., 2018; v.58: e20185811 Lingafelter & Santos‑Silva: New species of Enaphalodes longhorned beetles 2/17 FSCA: Florida State Collection of Arthropods, tubercle placed on each side of the base or is unarmed Gainesville, Florida, U.S.A. or nearly so. It also differs from E. coronatus (White, 1853) FWSC: Frederick W. Skillman Jr., Collection, Pearce, by the dense, pale yellow‑ochre pubescence (Fig. 1), the Arizona, U.S.A. mesosternal process being wider (Fig. 5), and the api‑ BMNH: The Natural History Museum, London, United ces of the meso‑ and metafemora distinctly spiniform Kingdom (Fig. 4). In E. coronatus, the dense pubescence is white MZSP: Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo, (Fig. 6), the mesosternal process is narrower (Fig. 8), and São Paulo, Brazil the apices of the meso‑ and metafemora have, at most, a USNM: National Museum of Natural History, Washington triangular lobe (Fig. 7). It can be separated from E. taenia- D.C., U.S.A. tus (LeConte, 1854) by the same features as E. coronatus, by the relatively slender body, and the antennae that dis‑ tinctly surpass the elytral apex in females. In E. taeniatus, RESULTS AND DISCUSSION the body is wider and the antennae of females do not surpass the elytral apex (Fig. 51). Enaphalodes Haldeman, 1847 Description: Holotype female: Integument mostly black; Enaphalodes Haldeman, 1847: 151. parts of mouthparts yellowish‑brown; antennomeres VI‑XI grade from dark brown to brown; femora mostly Type-species: Cerambyx pulverulentus De Geer, 1775 dark brown except black base and apex; distal transverse (subsequent designation, Linsley, 1963: 63) [= Cerambyx area of abdominal ventrites II‑III dark brown; distal trans‑ atomarius Drury, 1773]. verse area of abdominal ventrite IV yellowish‑brown. A full nomenclatural history of Enaphalodes was pre‑ sented in Monné (2005: 212). Lingafelter & Chemsak Head: Frons centrally tumid, with deep fovea on each (2002) presented a full diagnosis of Enaphalodes with side close to clypeus; with pale yellow‑ochre pubes‑ comparison to related genera of Elaphidiini and it is thus cence obscuring integument except glabrous, central unnecessary to repeat that in this work. The new species triangular area from clypeus to area between antennal described below generally conform to the genus in hav‑ tubercles; with some long, erect yellow setae laterally. ing the metepisternum very broad anteriorly, the proster‑ Area between antennal tubercles with pubescence as nal process broadly expanded apically and nearly closing on frons. Remaining surface of vertex with pubescence the procoxal cavities posteriorly (although E. antonkozlo- as on frons except Y‑shaped nearly glabrous central area vi, sp. nov. is an exception, having an acutely declivous from prothoracic margin to area between upper eye and weakly expanded prosternal process that is similar lobes (with short, sparse setae on area between upper to many species of Elaphidion Audinet‑Serville, 1834), eye lobes); with some long, erect yellow setae close to the mesosternum lacking lateral processes into the me‑ eyes. Area behind upper eye lobes with shallow sulcus socoxae, and antennomere three almost two‑thirds the close to eye, widened toward lower eye lobes, finely, con‑ length of the pronotum. Most species have the elytra fluently punctate inside distal area of sulcus, finely, mod‑ with irregular patches of pubescence and glabrous re‑ erately, sparsely punctate on remaining surface; with gions (although E. seminitidus Horn, 1885 is an exception fringe of short yellowish‑white pubescence inside sulcus, in that it lacks appressed pubescence and E. hispicornis nearly glabrous on remaining surface. Area behind lower (Linnaeus, 1767) and E. archboldi Lingafelter & Chemsak, eye lobes nearly smooth close to upper eye lobes, trans‑ 2002 have uniformly‑distributed pubescence). Most spe‑ versely striate‑punctate toward ventral side; with fringe cies of Enaphalodes have the femoral apices unspined, of yellowish‑white pubescence close to eye, from mid‑ although E. boyacanus Martins, 2005 and E. antonkozlovi, length toward ventral side, glabrous on remaining sur‑ sp. nov. are exceptions with strongly spined meso‑ and face. Antennal tubercles flat; pubescence as on frons on metafemoral apices. inner side except glabrous area close to apex; area clos‑ er to lower eye lobes with short, sparse yellowish‑white setae. Genae finely, sparsely punctate (punctures slight‑ Enaphalodes antonkozlovi, sp. nov. ly coarser toward ventral side); with short, decumbent, (Figs. 1-5) sparse yellowish‑white setae. Postclypeus with pubes‑ cence as on frons on lateral areas close to frons, with Diagnosis: Enaphalodes antonkozlovi differs from most short, sparse yellowish‑white setae on remaining sur‑ other species of the genus by having strongly spined face interspersed with long, erect yellowish‑white setae. meso‑ and metafemoral apices and an acutely declivous Labrum coplanar with anteclypeus on basal half, slightly prosternal process that is weakly expanded apically inclined laterally on distal half, nearly vertical centrally; (Fig. 5). Only E. boyacanus has similarly spined femora. finely, sparsely punctate on basal half; with short and All other Enaphalodes species have the femoral apices long, sparse yellowish‑white setae on basal half, with rounded and weakly projecting. Enaphalodes antonko- long,