FEBRUARY 2017 Contents Acknowledgements .................................................................................2 Executive Summary .................................................................................3 1. Introduction ..........................................................................................10 1.1 Purpose ...................................................................................................... 11 1.2 Methodology .......................................................................................... 12 1.3 How to read this report ...................................................................... 13 2. What is Poverty?................................................................................. 14 3. Picture of Poverty in Dufferin County ........................................ 15 3.1 Summary of Findings .......................................................................... 16 3.2 Income ....................................................................................................20 3.3 Housing ................................................................................................... 22 3.4 Food Security ....................................................................................... 24 3.5 Health ...................................................................................................... 25 3.6 Early Childhood Development....................................................... 26 3.7 Education ............................................................................................... 28 3.8 Employment .........................................................................................30 3.9 Youth Inactivity.................................................................................... 32 3.10 Social Inclusion .................................................................................. 33 4. Community Insights ......................................................................... 34 4.1 How does poverty present itself in Dufferin County? ...........34 4.2 What are the pressure points? ...................................................... 35 5. Critical Success Factors .................................................................. 42 6. Proposed Infrastructure .................................................................. 45 6.1 Organizational Structure ...................................................................45 6.2 Roles and Responsibilities ...............................................................46 6.3 Team of Champions ........................................................................... 47 6.4 Funding and Sponsorship for Core Operations ...................... 47 7. Strategic Framework ........................................................................48 7.1 Proposed Vision ....................................................................................48 7.2 Proposed Mission ................................................................................48 7.3 Community Priorities ........................................................................48 7.4 Community Actions ...........................................................................49 Reducing Poverty in Dufferin County: A Proposed Strategic Framework 1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We would like to thank all the individuals and organizations that have contributed to the development of this report. We are extremely grateful to the 85 community members who responded to the on-line survey, and the 25 individuals who participated in the focus groups. In particular, we would like to recognize Keith Palmer, Lisa Needham and the members of the Poverty Task Force for their ongoing support, guidance and leadership to this project, and the Health Analytics team at Wellington-Dufferin-Guelph Public Health who provided special data tabulations for this study. Participating Organizations and Community Members County of Dufferin John Oosterhof Wellington-Dufferin-Guelph Public Health Local Police Services Canadian Mental Health Association (CMHA) Orangeville Food Bank Central West Local Health Integration Network Trish Keachie (LHIN) The Lighthouse Choices Youth Shelter Town of Orangeville Dufferin Child & Family Services United Way Guelph Wellington Dufferin Dufferin Board of Trade Upper Grand District School Board Family Transition Place Workforce Planning Board of Waterloo Headwaters Communities in Action (HCIA) Wellington Dufferin Headwaters Food & Farming Alliance Consulting Team Sponsoring Organizations This project was supported by a grant from the County of Dufferin, as well as in-kind Eden Grodzinski support from Wellington-Dufferin-Guelph Public Health Unit. Dr. Rebecca Sutherns Creative Layout and Design Nadine Noble, Idea Nest Graphic Design Reducing Poverty in Dufferin County: A Proposed Strategic Framework 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report presents a strategic framework to guide the work of the Dufferin County Poverty Reduction Task Force over the coming years. We hope that this document will help increase community awareness and understanding about the extent and depth of poverty in Dufferin County, and will inspire community members to become involved in local poverty reduction efforts. Why should we care? Poverty costs Ontarians approximately $32 to $38 billion per year. This equates to between $2,300 and $2,900 per Ontario household per year. The cost is due to the substantial impact poverty has on our health care, social services, and criminal justice systems, as well as foregone tax revenues due to lost economic opportunities. In 2016, the County of Dufferin spent $4.2 million on social assistance benefits alone. The impact of poverty, however, runs much deeper than economics. Income is a key social determinant of health. Research shows a direct correlation between poverty and negative effects on one’s physical and mental health status, including higher prevalence rates of chronic diseases, depression, substance abuse, and shorter life expectancy. Moreover, low-income families are much more likely to purchase food that is less nutritious, simply because that is all they can afford. Children that grow up in poverty often start school behind their peers who come from more affluent families. School readiness impacts literacy rates and educational attainment levels, which are strong predictors of future employment and earning potential. In short, poverty often begets poverty; it is a trap “that is extremely difficult to escape from. Reducing poverty is a good economic investment, but also a complex challenge. It cannot be solved by isolated interventions or the actions of a single organization. It requires the support of all three levels of government, the engagement of citizens in creating local solutions, and a cultural shift in understanding that everyone in society benefits when no one lives in poverty. How many people in Dufferin County live in poverty? There is no single or nationally accepted measure of poverty in Canada. To paint a picture of poverty in Dufferin County, this report presents an analysis of nine indicators related to the social determinants of health that reflect different dimensions of poverty. In addition to low income, these dimensions include housing, food security, health, early childhood development, education, employment, youth inactivity, and social inclusion. Reducing Poverty in Dufferin County: A Proposed Strategic Framework 3 EDUCATION HEALTH FOOD SECURITY 1 in 16 babies 1 in 5 residents has not completed high school 1 in 12 is born at a low residents is birth weight food insecure HOUSING INCOME EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT 1 in 10 1 in 3 children is vulnerable on at least residents one of the domains of is living in poverty school readiness 1 in 9 households is living in core housing need EMPLOYMENT YOUTH INACTIVITY SOCIAL INCLUSION 1 in 14 participants of the labour force is unemployed 1 in 9 youth is not in 7 in 10 residents education, report a strong WORK employment sense of community or training belonging On the outside, Dufferin County appears to be a wealthy and healthy community. Income, education and employment levels are above the provincial average. But, a different picture emerges, when one begins to peel back the onion layers. According to the most current statistics, one-tenth of the population (approximately 6,000 people) is living on very low incomes. In some towns, certain population groups are at a higher risk of poverty – 1 in 4 seniors in Shelburne, and 1 in 5 children in Shelburne and Grand Valley. For these individuals, poverty in Dufferin County is a very real issue. Reducing Poverty in Dufferin County: A Proposed Strategic Framework 4 The income levels that Statistics Canada uses to define poverty are considered to be extremely low by many community stakeholders. The data illustrates that many residents are in fact employed and have income levels above these rates, yet are still struggling to make ends meet. Given rising house prices and limited assets (savings), many middle- income residents are at risk of becoming poor, should they suffer a job loss, major illness, or family breakdown. How does poverty present itself in Dufferin County? For the most part, poverty is “hidden” in the community. Income levels and housing prices are, in general, above the provincial average. People are reluctant to seek out services and help, including food banks, due to the stigma and shame associated with poverty. There is a lack of understanding and awareness of