Stage 1 Archaeological Resource Assessment: Gardiner Expressway and Lake Shore Boulevard East Reconfiguration, Hybrid Design Alternative 3 (North) – Keating Channel Precinct City of Toronto, Ontario ORIGINAL REPORT Prepared for: Dillon Consulting Limited (Toronto) 235 Yorkland Boulevard, Suite 800 Toronto, Ontario M2J 4Y8 T 416-229-4646 F 416-229-4692 Archaeological Licence P1030 (Beales) MTCS PIF P1030-0002-2017 ASI File 17EA-061 13 April 2017 Archaeological & Cultural ASI Heritage Services 528 Bathurst Street Toronto, ONTARIO M5S 2P9 416-966-1069 F 416-966-9723 asiheritage.ca Stage 1 Archaeological Resource Assessment: Gardiner Expressway and Lake Shore Boulevard East Reconfiguration, Hybrid Design Alternative 3 (North) – Keating Channel Precinct City of Toronto, Ontario EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Stage 1 Archaeological Resource Assessment of the Gardiner Expressway and Lake Shore Boulevard East Reconfiguration Hybrid Design Alternative 3 (North) in the City of Toronto has been carried out in advance of its detailed design. The assessment entailed consideration of the proximity of previously registered archaeological sites, the original environmental setting of the project area, and its nineteenth- and twentieth-century development history. This research has led to the conclusion that there is potential for the presence of significant Euro-Canadian archaeological resources related to the 1870 Don Breakwater and the circa 1880 Toronto Dry Dock. Accordingly, this report recommends that construction excavations in the area of potential for these features be subject to a program of archaeological monitoring to document their remains, if any, prior to their removal. ASI Stage 1 Archaeological Resource Assessment Gardiner Expressway and Lake Shore Boulevard East Reconfiguration, Hybrid Design Alternative 3 (North) – Keating Channel Precinct City of Toronto Page ii ARCHAEOLOGICAL SERVICES INC. PROJECT PERSONNEL Project Manager: David Robertson, MA Partner - Director, Planning Assessment Division Project & Field Director: Eric Beales, MA (P1030) Archaeologist, Project Manager - Planning Assessment Division Report Preparation: Eric Beales David Robertson ASI Stage 1 Archaeological Resource Assessment Gardiner Expressway and Lake Shore Boulevard East Reconfiguration, Hybrid Design Alternative 3 (North) – Keating Channel Precinct City of Toronto Page iii TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................... i PROJECT PERSONNEL.................................................................................................................................... ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................................................... iii 1.0 PROJECT CONTEXT ........................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 DEVELOPMENT CONTEXT ................................................................................................................... 1 2.0 HISTORICAL CONTEXT ...................................................................................................................... 1 2.1 BACKGROUND ................................................................................................................................ 1 2.2 NORTH KEATING CHANNEL PRECINCT SUMMARY HISTORICAL CONTEXT ........................................................... 3 2.3 INVENTORY OF HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENTS WITHIN THE PROJECT AREA ........................................................... 4 3.0 ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONTEXT ............................................................................................................. 5 3.1 PHYSIOGRAPHIC SETTING .................................................................................................................. 5 3.2 PREVIOUS ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH ................................................................................................ 7 3.3 THE PREDEVELOPMENT LANDSCAPE AND MODELLING ABORIGINAL ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESOURCE POTENTIAL .............. 8 3.4 REVIEW OF HISTORIC MAPPING AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY ......................................................................... 8 3.5 EXISTING CONDITIONS ...................................................................................................................... 9 4.0 ANALYSIS AND CONCLUSIONS ....................................................................................................... 10 4.1 ABORIGINAL ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESOURCE POTENTIAL ............................................................................. 10 4.2 EURO-CANADIAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESOURCE POTENTIAL ........................................................................ 10 5.0 RECOMMENDATIONS ...................................................................................................................... 11 6.0 ADVICE ON COMPLIANCE WITH LEGISLATION................................................................................... 12 7.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY AND SOURCES ........................................................................................................13 8.0 IMAGES ......................................................................................................................................... 15 9.0 MAPS ........................................................................................................................................... 18 LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Registered Archaeological Sites within an Approximate 1km Radius of the Project Area ...................... 7 Table 2: Archaeological Inventory: Summary of Features and Significance Evaluations (ACMS 2008) .............. 11 LIST OF IMAGES Plate 1: The abandoned Toronto Dry Dock Co. facility (from Stinson and Moir 1991). ....................................... 15 Plate 2: British American Oil in 1934 (Toronto Port Authority Archives, PC 1/1/10769). ................................... 15 Plate 3: Typical conditions within the derelict portions of the study area. ..................................................... 16 Plate 4: Typical conditions under the Gardiner within the study area. ........................................................... 16 Plate 5: Active industrial yard at 570 Lake Shore Boulevard. ......................................................................... 17 Plate 5: Active industrial yard at 520 Lake Shore Boulevard. ......................................................................... 17 LIST OF MAPS Figure 1: Location of the Gardiner Expressway Hybrid Design Alternative 3. .................................................. 19 Figure 2: The nineteenth- and twentieth-century development of the Gardiner Expressway Design Alternative 3 study area. ................................................................................................................................................ 20 Figure 3: The development of the study area as reflected on twentieth-century aerial photography. .............. 21 Figure 4: Stage 1 Archaeological Resource Assessment of the Gardiner Expressway Design Alternative 3 study area - assessment of archaeological potential ............................................................................................. 22 ASI Stage 1 Archaeological Resource Assessment Gardiner Expressway and Lake Shore Boulevard East Reconfiguration, Hybrid Design Alternative 3 (North) – Keating Channel Precinct City of Toronto Page 1 1.0 PROJECT CONTEXT 1.1 Development Context ASI (Archaeological Services Inc.) was retained by Dillon Consulting Limited to conduct a Stage 1 Archaeological Resource Assessment of Hybrid Design Alternative 3 (North) of the reconfiguration of the Gardiner Expressway and Lake Shore Boulevard East from approximately 80 metres west of Cherry Street to the Don Valley Parkway in the City of Toronto (Figure 1). The project area is located within Keating Channel Precinct West in the Lower Don Lands. The proposed realignment measures approximately 1,045 metres in length, traversing an area of archaeological potential as identified by the City of Toronto Archaeological Management Plan (cf. ASI 2004a) and the previous Stage 1 Archaeological Resource Assessment undertaken as part of the Individual Environmental Assessment (IEA) and Integrated Urban Design Study for the Gardiner Expressway and Lake Shore Boulevard Reconfiguration (ASI 2010). The study area defined for the purposes of this report encompasses approximately 1.624 hectares (Figure 1). This assessment, required as part of the joint Waterfront Toronto and City of Toronto Individual Environmental Assessment of the Gardiner reconfiguration, was conducted under the project management of David Robertson and the project and field direction of Eric Beales (MTCS PIF # P1030-0002-2017). All activities carried out during this assessment were completed in accordance with the Environmental Assessment Act, RSO (1990) and regulations made under the Act, and the terms of the Ontario Heritage Act and the Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport’s 2011 Standards and Guidelines for Consultant Archaeologists (MTCS 2011). Permission to access the project area and to carry out all necessary activities necessary for the completion of the assessment was granted by Dillon Consulting Limited on April 7, 2016. 2.0 HISTORICAL CONTEXT 2.1 Background The project area is located at the former mouth of the Don River in lands