CANCELLED 0525LP5423400 FOREWORD Although there are many ways to manage or control pest prob- lems, the use of pesticides is frequently selected. Some of these chemicals are extremely persistent in the environment and toxic by their very nature. Public concerns over their extensive use and their detrimental effects on human health, wildlife re- sources and other environmental components, demand that we provide continuous professional review and training in selection and application of sound control measures. Pesticides are unique because they are purposely released into the environment to affect pest plants or animals and simultaneously may become an environmental contaminant. It is our expertise that not only determines their efficacy, but also minimizes their adverse environmental impact. The objective of pest management is effective control with minimal use of the least toxic product available. The Department of the Navy, a steward of 3.9 million acres of land at some 250 shore installations and landlord to a million people, shall continue to support these concerns. Program emphasis shall be on professional management of installa- tion pest management programs, controlled application by or under the supervision of trained and certified personnel, and use of cost-effective strategies, and use of approved pesticides and equipment. The purpose of this publication is to facilitate training the activity pest controller. Pesticide use is closely regulated under the Federal Insecti- cide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act and several other federal statutes. Navy pesticide applicators, in every case, should consider state or host country requirements in their pest manage- ment operations. Recommendations for improvement are encouraged from any party and these should be furnished to the Commander, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Code 1634, 200 Stovall Street, Alexandria, VA 22332-2300. E. R. HAMM Captain, CEC, U. S. Navy Assistant Commander for CANCELLEDPublic Works Centers and Departments SNDL DISTRIBUTION (40 copies) FKAlC COMNAVFACENGCOM (100 copies each) FKN1 WESTNAVFACENGCOM (162A) PACNAVFACENGCOM (114A) LANTNAVFACENGCOM (161A) NORTHNAVFACENGCOM (143) SOUTHNAVFACENGCOM (16A) FH16 NAVDISVECTECOLCONCEN Jacksonville FL NAVDISVECTECOLCONCEN Alameda CA (200 copies) FKM22 NAVPUBFORMCEN CANCELLED Stocked: Navy Publications and Forms Center 5801 Tabor Avenue Philadelphia, PA 19120-5099 ABSTRACT This publication provides information on urban integrated pest management and applies directly to the type of pest manage- ment operations common to the Navy shore establishment. It is a companion to two basic training manuals: Military Pest Manage- ment (MO-310) and Basic Pest Management (MO-310.1). The manual specifically offers information on developing an effective control program, vulnerable stages in the life cycle of pests, use of equipment for handling and applying pesticides, and the safe, responsible use of pesticides. The text and figures were provided through the courtesy of the Certification and Training Branch, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. CANCELLED United States Pesticides And EPA 735-B-92-001 Environmental Protection Toxic Substances July 1992 Agency (H7506C) EPA Urban Integrated Pest Management A Guide For Commercial Applicators CANCELLED Prepared for United States Environmental Protection Agency Certification and Training Branch Office of Pesticide Programs Washington, DC 20460 under Contract No. 68D000ll URBAN INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT A Guide for Commercial Applicators Module I, Structure Infesting Pests Module II, Invading Pests Written by Dr. Eugene Wood Dept of Entomology, University of Maryland Module III, Vertebrates Written by Lawrence Pinto Pinto & Associates, Inc. Edited by CANCELLEDJann Cox DUAL & Associates, Inc. DUAL & Associates, Inc. 2101 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 600 Arlington, VA 22201 Phone (703) 527-3500 Fax (703) 527-0829 Published July 1992 Acknowledgements Information accumulates from direct observations, scientific literature, and anecdotes from others. Information from these sources blurs together quickly, and consequently, unique ideas are rare in society. Credit for sources of information on urban pest control and management must go to: Land Grant University Extension and research workers, most entomologists, who pioneered this work, those who kept training and research alive during the period when the success of synthetic organic pesticides preempted nearly all but control evaluations from the 1940s to the 1960s, and those who persist today; Pest Control Industry workers who held training sessions nationally, regionally, and locally where information was disseminated among the experienced and provided to the inexperienced; Environmental Protection Agency personnel who molded modern training and influenced the need for national uniformity in training requirements; State regulatory personnel who cooperated with Universities and Industry and who strongly emphasized the importance of training; The few textbook authors in the United States and England who compiled the reference data in the understandable and usable form that allows urban pest management practitioners to be professionals. Specific acknowledgements should go to biological illustrators who graphically render pest and beneficial animals where photographs fail; A.D. Cushman, Dean of USDA illustrators, A. B. Wright, and Joseph Papp provided many illustrations for these modules as did many anonymous illustrators whose work was stripped of identification through the decades of public use. Likewise, heartfelt credit must go to photographers who provide the illustrative color slides so important to training sessions. Slides used in this publication were provided by N. Briesch, University of Maryland; A. Greene, GSA; R.T. Lubbert, National Institutes of Health, J. Sargent, Great Lakes Chemicals; N. Swink, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; and the Fish and Wildlife Service, Audiovisual Office. And like all else, many other slides were provided by colleagues whose generosity goes unrewarded. Individuals who were vitally helpful in the production of these training modules include Elaine Mesavage, University of Maryland Entomology Department; Robert Gillette, DUAL & Associates, Inc.; Robert Bielarski, Environmental Protection Agency; Lawrence J. Pinto, Pinto and Associates, Inc., who wrote the Vertebrate Module; and finally, Jann Cox, DUAL & Associates, Inc., whose abilities as technical and format editor were responsible for evaluating and bringing all of the information together in usable form.CANCELLED URBAN INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT A Guide for Commercial Applicators INTRODUCTION Acknowledgements Preface Pest Control in Urban and Industrial Sites Chapter One Pest Management and Control Chapter Two Using Equipment in Urban Pest Management Chapter Three Laws and Regulations MODULE ONE STRUCTURE INFESTING PESTS Chapter One Introduction: Insects and Their Relatives Chapter Two Cockroaches Chapter Three Ants Chapter Four Stored Product Pests Chapter Five Fabric Pests Chapter Six Silverfish and Firebrats Chapter Seven Fleas MODULE TWO INVADING PESTS Introduction Chapter One Houseflies and their Relatives Chapter Two Stinging Pests Chapter Three Spiders Chapter Four Ticks, Mites, Bedbugs & Lice Chapter Five Miscellaneous Invaders MODULE THREE VERTEBRATES Chapter One Introduction: Rodents and Other Vertebrate Pests Chapter Two Rats Chapter Three Mice Chapter Four Birds Chapter Five Other Vertebrate Pests APPENDICES Appendix A Answers to Study Questions CANCELLEDAppendix B Selected Bibliography Appendix C Glossary Information about wood-destroying pests and core pesticide information will be found in other manuals. i INTRODUCTION PEST MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL PREFACE PEST CONTROL IN URBAN AND INDUSTRIAL SITES Responsibilities of Supervisors and Technicians . 1 CHAPTER ONE PEST MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL What are Pests? ..................................... 1 Ecosystem .................................... 1 Methods of Pest Control ................................ 1 Inspection .................................... 1 Habitat Alteration ............................... 1 Pesticide Application ............................. 1 Follow-up .................................... 2 Styles of Pest Control ................................. 2 Preventive Pest Control ........................... 2 Reactive Pest Control ............................. 2 Pest Elimination or Pest Extermination .................. 3 Integrated Pest Management ......................... 3 Integrated Pest Management Components ..................... 4 Monitoring and Recordkeeping ....................... 4 Education, Training, Communication and Liaisons ........... 4 Integrated Control Methods ......................... 4 Thresholds ................................... 4 Evaluation, Quality Control, and Reporting ............... 4 A Case for IPM: Resistance .............................. 4 How Pests Become Resistant to Pesticides ................ 4 How to Recognize Resistance ........................ 4 The Way to Prevent Resistance ....................... 5 Summary ......................................... 5 Study Questions ..................................... 6 CHAPTER TWO USING EQUIPMENT IN URBAN PEST MANAGEMENT Hand-held Compressed Air Sprayers ........................ 1 Spray Patterns ................................. 2 Pressure ..................................... 2 Power Sprayers ..................................... 2 Why Calibrate Spraying Equipment? ................... 3 Canned Insecticides