Journal of TROPICAL BIOLOGY & CONSERVATION A journal of the Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sabah Editor-in-chief Dr. Charles S. Vairappan (Prof., Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia) Managing Editor Dr. Liew Thor Seng (Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia) Editorial Assistant Julia George Kunai (Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia) Editorial Board Dr. Mohd. Tajuddin Abdullah (Prof., Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Malaysia) Dr. Abdul Hamid Ahmad (Assoc. Prof., Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia) Dr. Henry Bernard (Assoc. Prof., Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia) Dr. Shigeki Matsunaga (Prof., the University of Tokyo, Japan) Dr. Homathevi Rahman (Assoc. Prof., Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia) Dr. Menno Schilthuizen (Prof., Leiden University, the Netherlands) Dr. Monica Suleiman (Assoc. Prof., Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia) Dr. Holger Thus (Natural History Museum, London) Reviewers Dr. Abdul Hamid Ahmad Dr. Menno Schilthuizen (Assoc. Prof., Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia) (Prof., Leiden University, the Netherlands) Dr. Alexender Kiew Sayok Dr. Moh Pak Yan (Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Malaysia) (Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia) Anthony Lamb Dr. Monica Suleiman (Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia) (Assoc. Prof., Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia) Dr. Awangku Hassanal Bahar Bin Pengiran Bagul Dr. Niels Jacobsen (Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia) (Prof., Universiti of Conpenhagen, Denmark) Dr. Arthur Y.C. Chung Dr. Norela Sulaiman (Forest Research Centre, Sabah, Malaysia) (Assoc. Prof., Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia) Dr. Arzyana Sunkar Pelf-Nyok Chen (Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia) (Turtle Conservation Society of Malaysia, Malaysia) Dr. Colin Ruzelion Maycock Dr. Pratap Kumar Panda (Assoc. Prof., Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia) (Atal Behari College, Basudevpur, India ) Effi Helmy Bin Ariffin Dr. Sahana Harun (Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Malaysia) (Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia) Dr. Henry Bernard Dr. Sarva Mangala Praveena (Assoc. Prof., Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia) (Assoc. Prof., Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia) Dr. Faisal Ali Bin Anwarali Khan Dr. Siti Azizah Mohd Nor (Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Malaysia) (Prof., Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia) Dr. Ferruccio Maltagliati Dr. Stephen Sutton (Università di Pisa, Italy) (Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia) Dr. Fiffy Hanisdah Saikim Dr. Suzan Benedick (Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia) (Assoc. Prof., Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia) Dr. Jennifer Chan Kim Lian Dr. Tan Heok Hui (Prof., Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia) (National University of Singapore, Singapore) Jurry Foo Dr. Wahyu Dwianto (Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia) (Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia,Indonesia) Dr. Maria Lourdes T. Lardizabal Dr. Xingli Giam (Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia) (University of Washington, United State of America) Dr. Melek Zeybek Dr. Yap Chee Kong (Süleyman Demirel University, Turkey) (Assoc. Prof., Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia) Language Editor Jaswinder Kaur Cover image: Tor tambra, Rasbora cf. rheophila, Barbodes sealei, Paracrossochilus acerus (Photo credit: Casey Ng Keat Chuan) ©Universiti Malaysia Sabah 2017 Date of issue: 2017-10-15 Contents Journal of Tropical Biology and Conservation 14 (2017) Response of Cryptocoryne pallidinervia Engler (Araceae) on light intensity and water depth. Isa Ipor, Md. Djzamanni Yahya, Cheksum Tawan....................1-19 Land Use Changes and Their Effects on the Provisioning Services for 32 Years in Temiang Village, Giam Siak Kecil-Bukit Batu. Vera Budi Lestari Sihotang, Bayu. A. Pratama, M. Fathi Royyani, Joeni S. Rahajoe, Lin Zhen…………………………….......21-35 The Application of Citizen Science Approach in an Ichthyofaunal Survey at Tagal Sites in Upper Moyog River, Sabah, East Malaysia. Casey Ng Keat Chuan........................................................................................37-53 Notes on the genus Chilocoristes Weise (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Alticinae) in Malaysia. Haruo Takizawa...............................................................55-68 Seasonal variation of temperature dependent physico-chemical parameters of a coastal River Bhadra, Bangladesh. Mosummath Hosna Ara, Md. Nazim Uddin, Subhas Chandra Sarkar, Uttom Kumar................................................69-81 Beach Morphology Changes during the Northeast and Southwest Monsoons at Mantanani Besar Island, Sabah (Malaysia). Russel Felix Koiting, Ejria Saleh, John Madin, Md Nizam Bin Ismail.............................................................83-94 Diversity of Pteroptyx Fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) and Their Display Trees at Klias Peninsula, Sabah, Malaysia. Kevin Foo, Mahadimenakbar M. Dawood….95-103 Evaluation of Spatial and Seasonal Variations of Dissolved Organic Matter in Maliau Basin, Sabah, Malaysia. Tan Sin Yee, Sahana Harun, Kueh Boon Hee, Arman Hadi Fikri.......................................................................................105-124 Tree diversity at Payeh Maga Montane Forest, Sarawak, Borneo. Roland Kueh Jui Heng, Nixon Girang Mang, Ong Kian Huat , Muaish Sait, Sylvester Sam, George Bala Empin, Thashwini Rajanoran, Cassy Rechie Sinus.........................125-150 Journal of Tropical Biology and Conservation 14:1–19, 2017 ISSN 1823-3902 Research Article Response of Cryptocoryne pallidinervia Engler (Araceae) on light intensity and water depth Isa Ipor*, Md. Djzamanni Yahya, Cheksum Tawan Department of Plant Science and Environmental Ecology Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, University Malaysia of Sarawak 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia *Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract The study of the effect of different light intensities and water depths on the growth pattern, biomass allocation and photosynthetic rate of Cryptocoryne pallidinervia collected from Sungai Prasak, Keranji, Lundu, Sarawak, Malaysia, was conducted. Plants grown under tree canopy condition produced more leaves and lateral shoots than those grown under 50 % and 75 % shading. By increasing shade to 75 % level, the plants grew taller with larger leaves. The expansion of individual leaves at 75 % shade required 51 days to reach maximum size. The growth pattern such as leaf weight ratio (LWR), petiole weight ratio (PWR), rhizome weight ratio (RhWR) as well as root weight ratio (RWR) and biomass allocation such as specific leaf area (SLA), leaf area ratio (LAR), dry matter production (DMP), leaf area duration (LAD) and net assimilation rate (NAR) were significantly affected by shading. Plants grown in the depth of 15 cm were significantly taller and required a longer period to achieve maximum leaf expansion than those grown at 0 cm and 7 cm water depth. Growth pattern and biomass allocation were also significantly affected by water depths. Plants grown under 75 % shading and those grown at 0 cm water depth resulted in higher maximum quantum yield. However, plants at 75 % shade and those at 7 cm water depth had higher photosynthetic production at 300 µmol quanta m-2s-1 than those from other shade regimes and water depths. Keywords: Cryptocoryne pallidinervia, light intensity, water depth, growth pattern, photosynthesis. Introduction Species of Cryptocoryne, also known as Keladi Air by locals in Sarawak, are mostly endemic aquatic plants. According to Jacobsen (1985), ten species of Cryptocoryne were recorded from Sarawak viz. C. auriculata Engl., C. bullosa Engl., C. ciliata (Roxb.)Kunth, C. ferruginea Engl., C. grabowskii Engl., C. keei N. Jacobsen, C. lingua Engl., C. pallidinervia Engl., C. striolata Engl. and C. zonata De Wit. Another four new species of Cryptocoryne recently found in Received 14 July 2015 Reviewed 16 December 2015 Accepted 07 November 2016 Published 15 October 2017 2 Ipor et al. Sarawak were C. uenoi Sasaki (Sasaki, 2002), C. yujii Bastmeijer (Bastmeijer, 2002), C. zaidiana Ipor & al. (Ipor et al., 2005a), C. fusca De Wit (Ipor & al. 2006), and a new interspecific hybrid C. ×batangkayanensis Ipor & al. (Ipor & al. 2015). Jacobsen (1985) described three different habitats in which the Cryptocoryne grow, vis. the inner tidal zone as an amphibious life form, slow to fast running water as an aquatic life form and at the bank of smaller rivers as a rheophytic life form. Most of the Cryptocoryne are evergreen perennial herbs with procumbent to erect rhizomes and short to long subterranean runners. Cryptocoryne pallidinervia is characterized by the limb of the spathe that has prominent, red protuberances and a broad, yellow collar zone with red spots, and on the spadix the male and female flowers are adjacent to each other (Arends et al., 1982; Bastmeijer, 2015). The leaves are cordate in shape and often somewhat bullate. The physical appearance possessed by the species of Cryptocoryne have promoted the potential of these plants as aquarium plants. Species of Cryptocoryne are some of the commercially important aquatic species used in the aquarium plant trade, which have made them marketable products on the global market (Rataj & Horeman, 1977; Mansor, 1994). Besides that, the Cryptocoryne species are of great importance in aquatic ecology. In their natural habitats, they provide nutrients to other aquatic organisms. During the photosynthetic process, oxygen is supplied to the water thus lowering the BOD (biological oxygen demand) of the water. To some extent there is also an uptake of excessive nutrients from the water if not too contaminated and thus helps to clean it. The occurrence of Cryptocoryne