® Ethnic Discrimination and Xenophobia in Germany Annual Report 2006 Authors: Nicole Bosch & Mario Peucker european forum for migration studies (efms) Bamberg, December 2007 Table of Contents Executive Summary.............................................................................................5 1. Legal issues......................................................................................................7 1.1 New legislation relevant to ethnic discrimination and unequal treatment.................... 7 1.2. Transposition of Directive on long-term resident status for third country nationals . 9 1.3. Selected court cases in 2006 ......................................................................................... 10 1.4. Reports and studies........................................................................................................11 1.5. Legislative measures and initiatives combating discrimination, racism, xenophobia and anti-Semitism........................................................................................................ 12 2. Employment....................................................................................................15 2.1. New sources of data ....................................................................................................... 15 2.2. Statistical data and information..................................................................................... 15 2.2.1 Complaints of discrimination in employment ................................................................... 15 2.2.2 Official statistics on the labour market situation .............................................................. 17 2.3 Reports and studies.........................................................................................................20 2.4 Impact of EU Directive 2000/43/EC ................................................................................. 22 2.5 Positive measures against discrimination on the grounds of religion at the work place ............................................................................................................................. 23 2.6. Immigrants and minorities in trade unions................................................................... 24 2.7. Monitoring working conditions of migrants and minorities........................................ 24 2.8. Policies and initiatives combating discrimination and improving integration in employment.................................................................................................................. 25 2.8.1 Institutional policies and measures ................................................................................. 25 2.8.2 Significant good practice initiatives ................................................................................. 27 2 3. Education...................................................................................................33 3.1 New sources of data ........................................................................................................ 33 3.2 Statistical data and information...................................................................................... 33 3.2.1 Extreme right-wing incidents at school............................................................................ 33 3.2.2. The situation of migrants in education............................................................................ 34 3.3 Reports and studies.........................................................................................................43 3.4. State provisions for minority and multicultural education.......................................... 46 3.5 Religious symbols in schools......................................................................................... 48 3.6 Policies and initiatives combating discrimination and improving integration in education...................................................................................................................... 49 3.6.1 Institutional policies and measures ................................................................................. 49 3.6.2. Significant initiatives....................................................................................................... 53 4. Housing...........................................................................................................57 4.1. New sources of data ....................................................................................................... 57 4.2. Statistical data and information..................................................................................... 57 4.2.1. Housing-related discrimination complaints..................................................................... 57 4.2.2. The situation of foreigners in housing ............................................................................ 60 4.2.3. Situation in selected cities.............................................................................................. 63 4.2.4. Accommodation of asylum seekers................................................................................ 66 4.2.5 Data on perceived discrimination in housing................................................................... 67 4.3 Reports and studies.........................................................................................................68 4.4. Policies and initiatives combating discrimination and improving integration in housing.........................................................................................................................69 5. Racist violence and crimes...........................................................................74 5.1. Racist, xenophobic, anti-Semitic or Islamophobic crimes – the legal framework .... 74 5.2. Relevant data sources.................................................................................................... 80 5.3. Statistical data and information..................................................................................... 80 3 5.3.1. Official statistics ............................................................................................................. 80 5.3.2 Unofficial statistics........................................................................................................... 88 5.3.3 Victims and perpetrators ................................................................................................. 88 5.4. Reports and studies........................................................................................................90 5.5. Policies, measures and initiatives combating racist violence and crime .................. 92 5.5.1 Institutional policies and measures ................................................................................. 92 5.5.2. Significant initiatives....................................................................................................... 95 Template – Guide for Statistical Data....................................................................................... 98 Anti-Semitism....................................................................................................................... 100 A. Violence against person/s............................................................................................ 100 B. Violence against property ............................................................................................ 102 C. Verbal threats and abusive behaviour ......................................................................... 104 D. Anti-Semitic literature................................................................................................... 106 Template: Data Sources (anti-Semitism) ............................................................................... 108 Islamophobia........................................................................................................................ 110 A. Violence against person/s............................................................................................ 110 B. Violence against property ............................................................................................ 110 C. Verbal threats and abusive behaviour ......................................................................... 111 D. Islamophobic literature................................................................................................. 111 Template: Data sources (Islamophobia) ................................................................................ 112 References........................................................................................................113 Annex ................................................................................................................126 4 Executive Summary Whereas the integration of migrants has been ranking high on the political agenda in 2006, the issue of ethnic discrimination as a barrier to integration has occurred less in the political and public discourse. Right-wing extremism and xenophobia and the struggle against these phenomena received public attention only temporarily – in particular in the aftermath of awakening incidents, namely the attack on a German of Ethiopian origin in April 2006 and the success of the right-wing extremist party NPD in the federal state election in Mecklenburg-West Pomerania in September. Legal issues After several years of controversial political debates the first anti-discrimination