Republic of Iraq Babylon Nomination Dossier for Inscription of the Property on the World Heritage List January 2018 stnel oC fobalbaT Executive Summary .......................................................................................................................... 1 State Party .......................................................................................................................................................... 1 Province ............................................................................................................................................................. 1 Name of property ............................................................................................................................................... 1 Geographical coordinates to the nearest second ................................................................................................. 1 Center ................................................................................................................................................................ 1 N 32° 32’ 31.09”, E 44° 25’ 15.00” ..................................................................................................................... 1 Textural description of the boundary .................................................................................................................. 1 Criteria under which the property is nominated .................................................................................................. 4 Draft statement of Outstanding Universal Value ................................................................................................ 4 Statement of integrity ................................................................................................................................. 6 Statement of authenticity ........................................................................................................................... 9 Requirements for protection and management ................................................................................................. 10 Name and contact information of official local institution ................................................................................ 10 Chapter 1: Identification ................................................................................................................. 11 1.a Country ....................................................................................................................................................... 11 1.b Province ..................................................................................................................................................... 11 1.c Name of the property ................................................................................................................................. 11 1.d Geographical coordinates to the nearest second.......................................................................................... 11 1.e Maps of the location and boundaries of the property ......................................................................... 12 1.f Area of the nominated property and the proposed buffer zone ................................................................... 16 Chapter 2: Description ................................................................................................................ 17 2.a. Description of the property ........................................................................................................................ 17 Climate and topographical features .......................................................................................................... 18 Climate ....................................................................................................................................................... 18 Topographical Features ............................................................................................................................ 18 Historic structures ...................................................................................................................................... 21 Modern structures ............................................................................................................................................ 58 2.b History and development of the property ............................................................................................ 61 Introducing the History of Babylon ............................................................................................................ 61 Babylon’s Enduring Legacy......................................................................................................................... 86 Chapter 3: Justification.................................................................................................................... 91 3.1 Justification for inscription ...................................................................................................................... 91 3.1.a Brief synthesis .................................................................................................................................. 91 3.1.b Criteria proposed for inscription of the property on the World Heritage list and their respective justifications .............................................................................................................................................. 94 3.1.c Statement of integrity ....................................................................................................................... 95 3.1.d Statement of authenticity ................................................................................................................ 96 3.1.e Protection and management requirements .................................................................................... 98 3.2 Comparative analysis .................................................................................................................................. 99 3.2.a Category of cultural property .......................................................................................................... 99 3.2.b Attributes justifying the property’s Outstanding Universal Value ............................................... 99 3.2.c Geo-cultural area and chronological framework ................................................................................................. 101 3.2.d Comparison with properties in ancient Mesopotamia .................................................................... 101 3.2.e Conclusion of the analysis ............................................................................................................... 111 3.3 Draft statement of Outstanding Universal Value .............................................................................. 112 Chapter 4: State of Conservation and Factors affecting the property ....................................... 114 4.a. Present state of conservation .................................................................................................................... 114 4.b - Factors affecting the property ................................................................................................................. 122 4-c Legislative frameworks and strategies related to the property .................................................................... 129 Chapter 5: Protection and Management ...................................................................................... 130 5.a Ownership of the property ........................................................................................................................ 130 5-b Protective designation .............................................................................................................................. 131 5-c Means of implementing protective measures ............................................................................................ 132 5-d Existing plans related to municipality and region in which the proposed property is located ..................... 135 5-e Property management plan ....................................................................................................................... 136 5. f. Sources and levels of finance ................................................................................................................... 138 5.g- Sources of expertise and training in conservation and management techniques ........................................ 139 5.g.1- Additional Education and Awareness Activities Supporting the Capacity to Manage Babylon ............... 140 5.h Tourism infrastructure and facilities .......................................................................................................... 140 5.h.1 Policies and Programs Addressing Visitation and the Presentation and Promotion of the Property ........ 140 5. j Numbers of staff and their expertise ......................................................................................................... 141 Chapter 6: Monitoring .............................................................................................................................. 142 6.a Key indicators for the evaluation of the conservation status ...................................................................... 142 6.b Administrative arrangements for monitoring property .............................................................................