185 Doom, goticismo y metal extremo Salvador Rubio Licenciado en Historia del Arte Universidad Complutense de Madrid Resumen Dentro de ese “término paraguas” que denominamos “metal extremo”, y que se ha ido consolidando a nivel mundial desde su nacimiento en 1981 (progresivamente haciendo sombra a su primo hermano, el heavy metal tradicional), este estilo siempre se ha distinguido por su facilidad para in- 9*,7&7=94)4=9.54=)*=.3R:*3(.&8=2:8.(&1*8`=*85*(.&12*39*=1&8=574;*3.*39*8= del lado más oscuro de cualquier manifestación cultural sonora. Y dentro del metal extremo, se distingue particularmente un cierto esti- lo, o más bien una escisión de él, que ha acertado a tomar lo más granado de ese submundo musical oscuro, igualmente escindido del punk y la new wave, que conocemos habitualmente con términos como “gótico” o “siniestro”. Nos referimos, obviamente, al llamado “doom metal”, el cual nace 4Q(.&12*39*=(43=1&=5:'1.(&(.3=*3=+33+=)*=1&=4'7&=2&,3&=)*=1&='&3)&= británica Paradise Lost, y titulado, de forma evidentemente reveladora, Gothic. A partir de su aporte, especialmente en Reino Unido (y con una predilec- ción especial por la zona de Halifax), bandas como Anathema, My Dying Bride o Esoteric desarrollarán el citado estilo, que pronto se extendería al resto de Europa, y a su vez darían lugar, con la cada vez más importante presencia del componente siniestro en la música, al llamado metal gótico o gothic metal. En esta conferencia, pues, narraremos el proceso por el cual dicho estilo +:*=+472&)4=>=(24=1&8=(.9&)&8=.3R:*3(.&8=,9.(&8=+:*743=942&3)4=- tagonismo, desde los mismos pioneros Celtic Frost y su interés por los aportes de Joy Division, hasta los más recientes grupos actuales de metal gótico y su desarrollo ulterior hacia la música más progresiva. My Dying Bride Promo Shots (2012) 186 187 Portada del álbum Portada del álbum Unknown Pleasures (1979) Gothic (1991) de Joy Division de Paradise Lost :*3&8=9&7)*8_=3=57.2*7=1:,&7`=,7&(.&8=&=94)48=547=;*3.7`=,7&(.&8=&=1&= ,4=&=)*8(7.'.7=148=5:3948=*3=(4203=*397*=)48=24;.2.*3948=(:19:7&1*8= 47,&3.?&(.3=)*=1&=*2&3&=9.(&`=&=1&=84(.&(.3=*8&7.1.&`=*)74=78 >=2:8.(&1*8=*1=,9.(4=>=*1=2*9@1.(4=6:*=*3(:*397&3=:3=9*77*34=*89S9.(4= 9*,&=>=&=1&=7*;.89&=*7*/c&=>=*11*?&`=>=&=&7/47.*=1/&(-=547=.3;.9&72*=&= >=843474=(4203=)*3974=)*=*8*=*89.14=2:8.(&1=6:*=-&'.9:&12*39*`=>=)*= .25&79.7=*89&=(43+*7*3(.&_ +472&=2@8=&251.&=>=34=*=(1:8.;&`=)*342.3&248=doom metal. 3&=(43+*7*3(.&=6:*`=(424=7*(&16:S=7*(.*39*2*39*=(43=4(&8.3=)*=497&= 76:*`=)*3974=)*=*8*=9S72.34=5&7&,:&8=6:*=)*342.3&248= ).8*79&(.3=84'7*=2*9&1=*=97*24=6:*=.25&79c=*3=1&=3.;*78.)&)=)*=&S3`= 2*9&1=*=97*24`=>=6:*=8*=-&=.)4=(43841.)&3)4=&=3.;*1=2:3).&1=)*8)*= 8*=*32&7(&`=34=41;.)*248`=*3=:3=(439*=94=:3.;*78.9&7.4`=*3=*89&=4(&8 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*3=*1=3:*8974_ punk=>=1&=new wave`=6:*=(434(*248=-&'.9:&12*39*=(43=9S72.348=(424= ,9.(4=4=8.3.*8974_ 42.*3?4`= 5:*8`= 8.3= *397*9*3*72*= 2@8`= 2.= (43+*7*3(.&`= 7*(47)&3)4= >=*=51.(&3)4`=(424=8:*1*=8*7=-&'.9:&1`=8:=9c9:14a=442`=,49.(.824=>= <7*+*7.248`=(424=&)*1&39&'&=&39*8`=&1=11&2&)4=doom metal`=)*1=8.*28 2*9&1=*=97*24_=424=5:*)*=.3+*7.78*=)*=S1`=&=(439.3:&(.3=2*=).85438 57*=8*=-&=(438.)*7&)4=6:*=3&(*=Q(43=1&=5:'1.(&(.3=*3=+33+ 188 189 )*=1&=4'7&=2&,3&=)*=1&='&3)&='7.9@3.(&=&7&).8*=>:3=).8(4=9.9:1&)4`= F*8948=*89.148=2:8.(&1*8=(4311*;&3=Q).+*7*3(.&8`=9&394=*3= )*=+472&=*;.)*39*2*39*=7*;*1&)47&`=Gothic. 8:=+472&`=(424=*3=8:=(439*3.)4=1c7.(4=>=*3=8:=*89S9.(&=&84(.&)&`=(424= 5&7&=(438.)*7&78*=;&7.&39*8=5*7+*(9&2*93*=&(49&'1*8_=H*8=14=6:*=9.*8 =5&79.7=)*=8:=&5479*`=*85*(.&12*39*=*3=73.)4=>=(43=:3&=57*).8 3*3=*3=>208.(&=,*3S7.(&2*39*=Q(424=doom`=8.3=.28 1*((.3=*85*(.&1=547=1&=?43&=)*=&1.+&=`='&3)&8=(424=3&9-*2&=4=>= 5479&7348=)*=6:S=*89.14=heavy metal, stoner, sludge`=*9(`=8:*1*=*3,14'&7=&= >.3,=7.)*=)*8&77411&7@3=*1=(.9&)4=*89.14`=6:*=574394=8*=*=9*3)*7c&=&1= 1&8='&3)&8=6:*`=3472&12*39*`=)49&3=&=8:=843.)4=)*=(.*79&8=5*(:1.&7.)&8 7*894=)*=:745&`=>=&=8:=;*?=)&7c&3=1:,&7`=(43=1&=(&)&=;*?=2@8=.25479&38 )*8=6:*=148=).89.3,:*3=(1&7&2*39*=)*=8:8=*89.148=7&c?a=*1=heavy metal en 9*=57*8*3(.&=)*1=(42543*39*=8.3.*8974=*3=1&=208.(&`=&1=11&2&)4=2*9&1= *1=(&84=)*1=heavy doom`=*1=058.(4)S1.(4=*3=*1=(&84=)*1=stoner doom=4=*1= ,9.(4=4=gothic metal. hardcore punk=*3=*1=(&84=)*1=sludge doom. 3=*89&=(43+*7*3(.&`=5:*8`=3&77&7*248=*1=574(*84=547=*1=(:&1=).(-4=*89.8 >2@8=(4203=)*=).(-&8=5*(:1.&7.)&)*8`=>=&6:*11&=547=1&=6:*=2:(-&= 14=+:*=+472&)4=>=(24=1&8=(.9&)&8=R,9.(&8=+:*743=942&3)4= ,*39*=Q&=,7&3)*8=7&8,48=*1=(43(*594=“doom”=843=148=tempos=1*3948_= 5749&,43.824`=)*8)*=8:=9*257&3c8.2&=.3(47547&(.3=&1=.2&,.3&7.4=)*1= +*(9.;&2*39*`= *3= 94)48= 148= *89.148= &39*7.472*39*= (.9&)48`= 1&8= '&3)&8= 2*9&1=*=97*24=547=148=2.8248=5.43*748=*19.(=?-&89&=148=2@8=7*8 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stoner doom, sludge doom o 3&= Q .3(1:84= 2@8= (43(.8&= 348= 11*;&7c&= &= )*(.7= 6:*= *1= 2*9&1= drone doom`=*1=doom metal=9.*3*=:3&=5*(:1.&7.)&)`=>=*8=6:*`=&=8:=;*?`=*8= *=97*24=*8=*1=:3.;*784=(:19:7&1=7*8:19&39*=)*=1&=+:8.3=57.2.,*3.&=)*= :3=*89.14=,*3*7&)47=)*=;&7.48=8:'*89.148=2@8=6:*=3472&12*39*`=11&2&8 ).89.3948=*1*2*3948=)*=punk=>=2*9&1`=>=6:*=574):/4=,7&3=(&39.)&)=)*=*88 248=doom/death, doom metal > gothic metal`=5*(:1.&7.)&)=6:*=8*=)*7.;&= 9.148=2:8.(&1*8=Q547`=&=8:=;*?`=).+*7*39*8=R(:19:7&1*8= )*=1&8=2019.51*8=R>=(4.3(.)*3(.&8=6:*=(43(:77*3=*3=8:=3&(.8 Q 2.*394`=(424=843=*1=97&'&/4=.3.(.&)47=)*=:3&='&3)&=5.43*7&=)*3974=)*1= 2*9&1=*=97*24=*19.(=?*1=5*84=(439*2547@3*4=)*1=*89.14=(434(.)4= 7*(.8&2*39*`=:34=)*=).(-48=8:'*89.148=*8=*1=6:*=(434(*248=(424=doom (424=)*&9-=2*9&1`=1&=-*7*3(.&=)*1=0574,7*8.;4=>=1&=RQ metal`=*1=(:&1`=(424=8&'7@3=2:(-48=8*,:.)47*8=)*=*89&=208.(&`=-&=51&38 3.947.&=)*=1&=208.(&=,9.(&_ 9*&)4=2:(-48=574'1*2&8=+472&1*8=5&7&=&(49&7=*=.948&2*39*=*1=9.54=)*= 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